Autism is a complicated neurological disorder for which there is no known cure, as of 2011. Varying degrees of challenges in social interactions, communication and behaviors mark autism spectrum disorders. The cause of autism spectrum disorder is unknown according to the MayoClinic.com. However, research continues to find links to higher rates of nutrient malabsorption and benefits of supplementation in symptom management.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12, otherwise known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a vital role in metabolism, releasing fats from carbohydrates. Vitamin B12 contributes to the formation and regeneration of red blood cells. Vitamin B12 also contributes to proper brain function and maintenance of the central nervous system. Dietary sources of vitamin B12 include meat, eggs, poultry, shellfish, milk and milk products. Vitamin B12 is also available in supplement form. Vitamin B12 deficiency occurs when you do not consume enough dietary sources, or your body is unable to absorb the vitamin.
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Autism refers to a complex group of neurological disorders affecting development of communication, behaviors and social interaction. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, the exact number of children in the U.S. with autism spectrum disorders is unknown, however information from the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention suggests it is as high as 1 in every 110 children. There is no standard treatment for autism, as each child responds differently to therapies. However, interventions typically include behavioral therapies, pharmacotherapy, speech and language therapy, family support and nutritional interventions.
Digestion in Autism
Children with autism typically struggle with digestion issues and subsequently may experience malabsorption of essential vitamins and nutrients, such as vitamin B12. Children with autism frequently experience challenges with chronic diarrhea and constipation. Children diagnosed with autism may also experience bacterial imbalances in the gut from receiving frequent antibiotics in early years for ear infections, leading to challenges absorbing vitamin B12. Children living with autism are also notoriously selective eaters, which may contribute to nutrient deficiencies including vitamin B12.
Side Effects
Deficiencies in vitamin B12 may lead to tingling sensations in arms and legs, loss of balance and weakness. There are two forms of vitamin B12: cyanocobalamin and methylcobalamin. It is the cyanocobalamin form of vitamin B12 that serves to prevent anemia, while methylcobalamin works to improve neurological functioning. In autistic children it is methylcobalamin deficiency that is of most concern due to its contributions to the functioning of the central nervous system. However, insufficient evidence exists to support use of methylcobalamin as a treatment for autism according to the November 2009 "Annals of Clinical Psychiatry."
References
- MayoClinic.com: Autism
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: CDC Home Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs)
- University of Maryland Medical Center; Autism - Overview; Neil K. Kaneshiro, M.D., M.H.A.; 2009
- "Annals of Clinical Psychiatry"; Novel and Emerging Treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorders: a Systematic Review; Daniel A. Rossignol, M.D., F.A.A.F.P.; November 2009
- Continuing Medical Education; An Approach to the Nutritional Management of Autism; Parris M. Kidd, Ph.D.; September/October 2003
- Natural News; The Right Kind of Vitamin B12 is Vital for Treating Deficiency; Kerri Knox, R.N.; 2009
