Coughing in children is often harmless, but prolonged and severe coughing may be a symptom of a serious illness. Depending on the sound and duration of the coughing, your child may need to see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment. Persistent and severe coughing may be the result of conditions like asthma, bronchitis or pertussis.
Pertussis
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a contagious disease that begins with symptoms of a common cold and progresses to severe coughing. Children with pertussis experience violent and rapid coughing fits that produce a whooping sound. Babies and infants under 1 year of age must be hospitalized, as the condition often progresses to pneumonia and may cause convulsions and even death. Pertussis is preventable in children with the Tdap vaccination.
Asthma
Asthma is the most common chronic illness in children in the United States. Asthma affects the bronchial tubes, making it difficult for individuals to breath. Flare-ups, which may include severe and persistent coughing and wheezing, may be caused by a variety of triggers such as tobacco smoke, furry animals, exercise, dust mites and allergens. Children with asthma must visit their doctor for treatment, which often includes an inhaler.
Bronchitis
Children with bronchitis suffer from an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, thus making it difficult to breath. Symptoms of bronchitis include a persistent cough, fatigue, slight fever and chest discomfort. Cigarette smoke, previous exposure to illness that compromises the immune system and exposure to harmful irritants may predispose children to developing bronchitis. Children who may have bronchitis should see their doctor for treatment.
Considerations
You can take a variety of approaches to make your child feel better. Make sure your child is adequately hydrated to prevent coughing. Cough drops are acceptable for older children, but children younger than age 3 may choke on them. A cool-mist humidifier while sleeping can also help reduce coughing and promote more sound sleep.
