If you suffer mild seasonal allergy symptoms, you do have medication options available over the counter. Severe allergy sufferers should speak to a doctor first before using these products. Since allergy medication ingredients treat different symptoms, read all label information before use. Review side effects and any drug interactions.
Antihistamines
Antihistamines are a type of allergy medication used to block histamines that have been released when exposed to an allergen. When histamines are released into your ears and sinuses, symptoms that can occur include runny nose, sneezing, itching and swelling. Over-the-counter antihistamines include diphenhydramine, clemastine and chlorpheniramine. Antihistamines work for a period of four to 12 hours to block symptoms.
Decongestants
Over-the-counter decongestants for allergies are used to clear allergy-related congestion and improve breathing capabilities. Decongestants are found in the form of oral tablets, topical eye drops, nose sprays and liquids. Decongestants used in allergy medicines over the counter are pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine and oxymetazoline. When consumed, the mucus membranes are decreased in size to relieve symptoms. Combination products are available over the counter that include both a decongestant and antihistamine. Take these products only if you are experiencing allergy and congestion symptoms. Combination products put you at risk for developing side effects associated with both antihistamines and decongestants. Also, if the combination product contains a pain reliever, the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America warns that chronic use can lead to an inflamed liver and intestinal bleeding.
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids are available in topical form for allergy sufferers that are experiencing skin irritation. Allergic reactions may cause hives, skin swelling, red bumps and itching on the surface of the skin. The corticosteroid reduces inflammation to treat itching and swelling symptoms. Hydrocortisone is a commonly used corticosteroid to treat allergic skin reactions.
Side Effects
Side effects may occur when using over-the-counter remedies for allergies. Oral decongestants may cause difficulty sleeping, headache, quickened pulse, rapid heart rate and tremors. Antihistamine side effects include sleepiness, increased eye pressure, difficulty breathing and urinary retention problems. Nose sprays can cause headaches and chronic dryness in the nasal passages. Topical corticosteroids could lead to thinning of the skin, easy bruising and enlarged blood vessels.
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