First-degree burns only affect the outer layer of skin, and don't require medical attention unless they affect a significant portion of the skin over a major joint or on the hands, feet, face, groin or buttocks. Second-degree burns penetrate to the underlying layer of skin, but don't require medical attention unless they affect one of these areas or cover more than 3 inches. With proper first aid, the risk of scarring decreases from first- and second-degree burns. Third-degree burns affect all layers of skin, underlying tissue and possibly fat, muscle and bone. They require emergency treatment and leave scarring no matter what is done.
Step 1
Hold a first-degree burn under cool -- but not cold -- running water for at least five minutes. Alternatively, submerge it in cool water for the same time. Hold a second-degree burn under cool water for 15 minutes, or submerge it. Do not use ice or ice water.
Step 2
Allow the skin to air dry or pat it very gently with a clean paper towel.
Step 3
Cover the burn loosely with a sterile piece of gauze. Don't use cotton balls or other covers that may introduce fuzz into the wound.
Step 4
Dab a topical antibiotic over the burn when the pain subsides and change the dressing. Use gauze or something else clean that has no fine hairs to apply the antibiotic.
Step 5
Change the dressing at least once a day, and whenever it gets wet or soiled. Apply more topical antibiotic before putting on new gauze.
Step 6
Refrain from popping or picking at any resulting blister. Burned skin sometimes itches as it heals, but don't scratch it.
Step 7
Keep the burn free from pressure and friction for the duration of the healing process. Expect a first-degree burn to heal in three to six days, and a second-degree burn to heal in two to three weeks, according to FamilyDoctor.org.
Step 8
Monitor the site of the burn for any signs of infection, including increasing pain, redness, warmth, swelling or oozing. See your doctor immediately to treat an infection.
Step 9
Minimize sun exposure and use a sunblock on skin that suffered a second-degree burn for up to one year to decrease the risk of permanent discoloration of the affected skin.
Tips and Warnings
- Use a clean, cool compress to help remedy any pain. Over-the-counter pain medications can also help. Opt for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin, ibuprofen or naproxen, which also help with swelling. Refrain from giving children under 12 aspirin, though.
- Burns are susceptible to tetanus, so get a booster shot if your last one was more than five years ago.
Things You'll Need
- Gauze
- Topical antibiotic
Member Comments