A child with constant nasal drainage likely has allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever. Children seem to be more vulnerable to allergies than adults, especially if one or both parents have allergies, according to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. Consult with an allergist to diagnose and create a treatment plan for your child.
Identification
Allergic rhinitis causes a runny nose that can last during allergy season or the entire year. The discharge from your child's nose is clear. If your child has allergic rhinitis, an itchy nose and frequent sneezing are common, as well as itchy, watery eyes. Your child coughs and clears his throat often since the mouth and throat also can be itchy because of allergies. The cough is often worse at night. Wheezing and shortness of breath also are possible.
Cause
Allergies are caused by your child's immune system mistaking environmental elements as being harmful intruders. The first time your child is exposed to an allergen, the body does not have an allergic response. After the initial exposure to the allergen, your child's body creates antibodies to fight the allergen by releasing histamines and other chemicals into the body, which causes an allergic reaction. Seasonal allergies often are caused by pollen. Perennial allergies are caused by indoor allergens, such as smoke, mold, animal dander and dust mites. Among children with asthma, about 80 percent also have allergies, according to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America.
Treatments
A skin prick test helps an allergist determine the substance causing your child's runny nose. Small amounts of common allergens are placed into the top layer of skin to see whether an allergic reaction is induced. If an allergy is present, about 15 minutes after the prick a red itchy bump appears. Antihistamines are commonly used for children's allergies. Medication is started shortly before allergy season begins, then the medications are taken daily. Immunotherapy injections can be given every few weeks to expose your child to small amounts of allergen so your child's sensitivity to the substance decreases.
Prevention
Avoiding allergens is the best form of treatment and prevention. Controlling your child's environment can reduce the frequency of runny noses your child experiences. Keep your house clean and free of dust and mold. Disinfect frequently with diluted bleach and vacuum daily. Wash bedding weekly in hot water to kill dust mites. Use a dehumidifier to keep the air dry. Get rid of objects that collect dust, such as stuffed animals and heavy drapes. Do not smoke around your child. Keep mattresses and pillows covered in allergy-proof casings.
