Excessive nosebleeds are a common childhood ailment. They can be frightening and messy, but are rarely caused by a serious illness. Dr. William Sears, an online pediatric authority, points out that some children may swallow the blood and vomit it back up, but this does not necessarily indicate illness. If your child suddenly develops nosebleeds, consult with your pediatrician to rule out potential health problems. In most cases, a nosebleed can be treated at home, but if your child is dizzy, has a headache, is bleeding from other areas of the body or bleeds for longer than is normal for your child, call your child's doctor immediately.
Genetics
Children whose parents suffered from nosebleeds are at increased risk of experiencing nosebleeds themselves. The capillaries inside the nose become inflamed and dilate, resulting in a nosebleed. Children who experience recurring nosebleeds may not have well-developed capillaries. When nosebleeds have an underlying genetic cause, they typically taper off in the adolescent years and disappear by adulthood.
Minor Illness
Colds are common causes of nosebleeds. A bacterial infection the nose can also irritate the sensitive tissue of the nose, resulting in a nosebleed. Nosebleeds may recur frequently when your child is sick, but should go away after the infection clears up.
Allergies
Allergens irritate the sensitive nasal tissue and may cause inflammation of the sinuses. This puts pressure on the capillaries in the nose and can cause a nosebleed. Children who experience frequent nosebleeds should be tested for allergies.
Trauma
Minor trauma can rupture the capillaries in the nose, causing a bleed. Though a nosebleed from an injury can be frightening, it is rarely serious. If the trauma is from an object inserted into the nose or from a skin injury, however, your child should see a doctor if the bleeding does not stop quickly. Children may also activate nosebleeds by picking their noses. This causes minor trauma and damage to the nasal passages.
Nasal Dryness
Dehydration and dry air may both activate nosebleeds. Children are also at increased risk of nasal dryness when they are suffering from colds and allergies. Keep your child hydrated and install a humidifier in her room. This may help to alleviate dry nasal passages and lessen the frequency of nosebleeds.
References
- "The Portable Pediatrician"; William Sears, et al.; 2011
- "Caring For Your Baby and Young Child, 5th Edition"; American Academy of Pediatrics; 2009
- Princeton Online; Spontaneous Epistaxis (Nosebleeds) in Children; Mark B. Levin, et al.
- Ask Dr. Sears: Nosebleeds
