Some are born with a rocket throwing arm, but most have to work at it. There are several steps that help increase the distance on a throw. Proper arm extension, body placement and footwork are all keys to throwing a ball farther. The release point of the throw is also important.
Arm Action
The arm is always brought back --- or cocked --- when throwing a ball. To achieve maximum distance, the elbow is bent and the arm comes back behind the head as far as possible before whipping forward. Releasing the ball when the hand is just past the front of the head is the most effective method for throwing far. A smooth follow-through after the ball is released prevents the throw from going off line and falling short.
Shoulder Set
Whether you are throwing a baseball, football or other type of ball, it is important to properly use the shoulders. The front shoulder determines direction and should be kept high with the arm held straight out on the throw. The back shoulder is initially dipped and then brought up to generate power. Playing long toss, starting at 60 feet and gradually increasing the distance to 180 feet, is a good way to build shoulder strength.
Leg Power
Before the throwing arm is brought back and the throwing shoulder lowers and lifts up, the legs are busy generating power. Getting a running start helps the ball carry farther, as does pushing off the back leg as hard as possible. The weight shifts from the back leg to the front leg on the throw and allows the hips to open and follow through.
Ready to Launch
Getting full arm extension and proper shoulder position, and driving off the back leg are key components to throwing a ball farther. Without the proper release point, the throw is likely to fall short of maximum length. Letting go of the ball too early results in a high trajectory that cuts into distance. Letting go too late results in a low throw that has a downward trajectory. According to a study conducted at the Carnegie Science Center in Pittsburgh, the ideal release point comes at a 45-degree angle and sets up the longest throw possible.
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