Breastfeeding your baby helps increase your bond and provides nourishment for his growing body. Difficulties can occur during the process, however. One or both breasts can develop a blocked milk duct, which may manifest as a small lump in your breast. Sometimes painful, if treated properly this condition doesn't necessarily lead to an infection. Left untreated, bacteria can build up, causing an infection. Talk with your doctor or a lactation consultant about your condition.
Symptoms
Typically, a blocked milk duct is painful and often accompanied by swelling or tenderness in the affected area. A small, hard lump may develop in one or both breasts, with a patch of redness around the area. Swelling and heat may diminish after nursing. Symptoms of illness, such as aches, fatigue and fever, are signs that a plugged duct is infected. Mastitis, or an infection of the breast, should be treated by your physician.
Causes
A milk duct can become blocked for a variety of reasons. If your baby isn't feeding well --- if she doesn't drain one or both breasts fully --- your milk can build up in the ducts. Improperly latching on to the nipple can also restrict your milk flow. Likewise, plugs can occur if you skip feedings, especially if you are weaning her off breast milk. In addition to irritating your nipples and skin, constrictive bras or shirts that compress your breasts may also cause blockages. Stress will also affect breastfeeding; it lowers oxytocin, the hormone needed to release breast milk.
Solutions
One of the simplest ways to remedy a plugged milk duct is to continue breastfeeding on the affected side. Breastfeed on the affected side first; as your infant sucks harder at the beginning of a nursing session, it can help dislodge a plug. Drain the affected breast, even if pumping or hand expression is needed. Check your baby's position on your nipple as well; ensure he has a proper latch, and that you vary his position to drain all the milk ducts. Applying warm compresses and massaging your breasts may also help dislodge the block.
Tips for Prevention
Wear a comfortable, clean bra that doesn't press or pinch your breasts or nipples. Allow your baby to drain one breast before switching him to the next. Hand express or pump breasts if your baby is refusing to feed or if your breasts remain full. Feed him in different positions, as well, pointing his nose around the "nipple clock" to drain all ducts.
