The human body is between 70 and 80 percent water, so adequate hydration is vitally important. Without enough water, the body's cells can't work properly. In extreme cases, this causes death. Children are especially susceptible to dehydration because of their small body size and high activity levels. Lifestyle choices can also increase a child's risk for dehydration. Children who have several dehydration risk factors are at the highest risk of dehydration.
Vomiting and Diarrhea
William Sears, a pediatrician and author, explains that children often become slightly dehydrated from vomiting. However, it takes about 12 hours of consistent vomiting for children to become severely dehydrated. Similarly, runny diarrhea also contributes to dehydration. Most children suffering from temporary dehydration due to illness quickly recover. However, children with other risk factors for dehydration may remain dehydrated for extended periods after a stomach illness.
Sugary Drinks
Soda and other sugary drinks such as fruit punch and sweetened juice place children at risk for dehydration in two ways. First, these drinks are consumed in place of water, milk and other hydrating liquids. Second, the sugar in these drinks actively dehydrates the body. If children are not offered soda and similar drinks, they won't drink them, so provide your child with water, milk and unsweetened juice instead.
High Altitudes
The Mayo Clinic reports that people living in altitudes greater than 8,200 feet have an increased risk of dehydration. Children may breathe more rapidly and urinate more frequently to adjust to higher altitudes, and this can lead to dehydration. Ensure that your child drinks extra water if you live in or visit high altitudes. Children should also drink extra water during airplane flights, especially long ones.
Medication
Some medications subject children to dehydration risks by increasing urination or decreasing the body's absorption of water. Ask your pediatrician about potential side effects of any medication she prescribes to your child.
Activity Level
Heavy exercise, particularly in hot weather, frequently causes dehydration. If your child is active, spends a lot of time outside or plays sports, monitor her water intake. Prevent her from exercising for more than 45 minutes in extremely hot weather, and encourage her to take frequent breaks and to drink water.
References
- "The Portable Pediatrician"; William Sears, et al.;2011
- "Caring for Your Baby and Young Child, 5th Edition"; American Academy of Pediatrics; 2009
- "Health, Safety and Nutrition for the Young Child"; Lynn R. Marotz; 2011
- "Mayo Clinic Family Health Book, Fourth Edition"; Mayo Clinic; 2009
- Mayo Clinic: Dehydration
