Before the invention of the global positioning system (GPS) and the sport of geocaching, outdoor explorers relied simply on maps and compasses. Orienteering is one of the oldest methods of navigation that can be useful in a survival situation. But orienteering also has a competitive side. According to Glen Schorr, executive director of Orienteering USA, three important components are involved in competitive orienteering: learning to read a map, understanding a compass and physical training.
Map Training Exercise
The best way to learn how to read a map is to purchase a U.S. Geological Survey map and study it from end to end. Try using the Boy Scouts of America Orienteering Merit Badge booklet to help you understand contour lines and map symbols. Once you've learned the basics of reading a topographical map, try this exercise.
Get a partner and find a large backyard or field. Once you have chosen your area of focus, draw a picture of the area, highlighting important features and details such as trees and cars. Pick five different spots on your map and draw circles around them. You and your partner should draw maps of different locations, hide items or markers in the circled areas and then take turns using each other's map to find the items. Try to include important map features and symbols. You may have to decipher symbols and routes, but it will help you remember important map lingo.
Three-Leg Compass Walk
The easiest way to understand the basics of how a compass works is to master the three-leg compass walk. Take a stick or a rod and place it in the ground between your feet. Turn your body until the compass needle -- the red needle -- is pointing north. Look ahead about 100 feet for a landmark such as a tree or parked car. Walk out 50 paces -- you can do more once you get better -- stop and place another marker on the ground. Turn the compass to 120 degrees and then walk out another 50 paces. Place another marker, turn your compass to 240 degrees and walk out another 50 paces. If you did everything correctly you should have walked in a triangle, ending up at your first marker.
Trail Running
Since most orienteering competitions take place in state and national parks, the best way to train is to start trail running. Some events may use mountain biking or cross-country skiing, but for the most part they are running or walking events. Trail running will help you become accustomed to obstacles, such as rocks and logs, that will be present during the competition. Train as if you were preparing for a 10-kilometer race, Schorr advises, but add the mental aspects of finding your way through the terrain.
Get Involved
If you are serious about taking part in competitive orienteering or would just like to join an event to have fun, the best way to learn is to attend a local event. Visit the OrienteeringUSA website to find your local club and join an event today.
