Iron supplements can help prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia caused by inadequate intake or absorption of dietary iron. Therapeutic doses of supplemental iron can have unpleasant digestive and abdominal side effects, including diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and constipation.
Side Effects
Constipation and diarrhea are common side effects of iron supplements, according to MedlinePlus. Black stools are also a normal side effect of iron supplements. Nausea and vomiting occur less often, and typically only with higher doses. Abnormal side effects of iron supplements may include tarry or red-streaked stools and cramps or sharp pains in the stomach. Contact your doctor if you experience these side effects.
Minimizing Side Effects
The Office of Dietary Supplements recommends minimizing the digestive side effects of iron supplements by taking half the recommended dose at first, then gradually increasing to the full dose. Dividing the full dose into several smaller doses may also help limit symptoms. Enteric-coated or delayed-release iron supplements may cause fewer or milder side effects, but the body does not absorb as much iron from these products, notes the Office of Dietary Supplements.
Iron with Food
Taking iron with food can help to reduce side effects, but doing so may also interfere with the body's absorption of iron. The body absorbs iron most efficiently when supplements are taken on an empty stomach. If side effects become too hard to tolerate, take the supplement with a small amount of food. Avoid taking the supplement with foods that inhibit absorption, such as dairy products, coffee, tea and cereals. Vitamin C can boost absorption.
Need for Supplements
People with a high risk for iron deficiency anemia may need iron supplements to prevent deficiency. High-risk groups include pregnant women, teenage girls, women of childbearing age, people with celiac disease, Crohn's disease or other gastrointestinal disorders, and people with kidney failure, especially those undergoing dialysis treatments. Men and postmenopausal women should be cautious about taking iron supplements because of the risk of iron overload. Discuss iron supplements with your doctor before taking them.
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