Iodine Metabolism & Gestation

When you are pregnant, your body has to supply some of the hormones and other substances that your fetus needs to live. This affects how much of different minerals, including iodine, that your body needs each day. Iodine metabolism is increased in your body during gestation, so talk to your doctor if you are concerned about iodine levels.

Iodine

Iodine is a trace element found in the soil and in the ocean's water. Your body needs small amounts of iodine to work properly. Dietary iodine can come from seafood, because sea creatures can concentrate the iodine in the water, as well as some types of seaweed, such as wakame. Some plants also contain iodine, though their iodine concentrations depend on the amount of iodine in the soil. Table salt is also fortified with iodine to prevent iodine deficiencies.

Iodine Metabolism

One of the main functions of iodine in your body is to ensure the proper function of your thyroid. The thyroid gland is located in the neck and it is responsible for making hormones that regulate your body's metabolism. The two hormones that the thyroid makes, known as T4 and T3, contain iodine. Thus, the more active your thyroid gland is, the more iodine you need.

Pregnancy and Thyroid Hormone

During pregnancy, your body has to provide thyroid hormone for the fetus, particularly during the first 24 to 28 weeks of gestation. This means that your body has a higher iodine metabolism as you make more hormones. Your iodine requirements stay high even once your baby's thyroid gland has become functional, as you need to supply the iodine to the fetal thyroid as well.

Requirements

According to a 2001 article in "Thyroid," the World Health Organization recommends that pregnant women get at least 200 mcg of iodine each day. This is the amount of iodine found in 3 g of salt. Iodine deficiencies are rare in developed countries, but a lack of iodine can cause the thyroid gland to become enlarged. Your doctor can run blood tests that determine if you need more iodine in your diet.