People whose cells are resistant to the effects of insulin are said to have type 2 diabetes. Insulin signals the cells to take up glucose from the blood and use it for energy. The cells are deprived of a steady supply of glucose. In addition, the level of glucose in the blood remains elevated, which causes many problems over the short and long term. One of these problems is the development of skin rashes. It is important to consult a physician for the diagnosis and management of diabetes, rashes and other conditions.
Infections
High blood sugar coats proteins in the blood, blood cells and the walls of the blood vessels, causing damage. The blood does not flow as readily through the narrowed blood vessels, and the immune system does not react as efficiently. As a result, the immune cells are slower to respond to infections, and blood does not deliver immune cells to the site of infection well. This makes the skin, which is constantly exposed to the environment, prone to infection with bacteria and fungi. These infections often manifest as a rash.
Acanthosis Nigricans
Acanthosis nigricans is one of many diabetic dermadromes, which make up a group of skin conditions associated with diabetes. Acanthosis nigricans causes brown to tan areas to appear on the neck, armpits, groin and sometimes the elbows, hands and feet. It is more common in people who are obese, and the most effective treatment is weight loss.
Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum
Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, or NLD, is caused by changes to blood vessels. It tends to start as a faint raised red area. It then develops a purple border and becomes shiny, and the underlying blood vessels may become visible. It may also be painful, irritating or itch. If the rash breaks open, it will be prone to infection.
Diabetic Dermopathy
Diabetic dermopathy means "diabetic skin disease." It is also caused by dysfunction of the blood vessels. It causes scaly, light tan patches to form on the skin, which may be circular to oval. It is most common on the front of the legs. They do not cause pain or itchiness and are not prone to developing infections.
