Carnitine deficiency, a disorder that impairs the muscles' ability to produce energy, often occurs because the body is unable to make or transport carnitine. The deficiency may occur as a result of the body's inability to create carnitine, a genetic defect or kidney disorders. Carnitine deficiency in a toddler can affect muscle strength and brain function. Consult your pediatrician if you suspect your toddler suffers from carnitine deficiency.
Identification
Carnitine, a nutrient produced by the liver and kidneys, contributes to the body's ability to convert fat into energy by transporting fatty acids to muscle cells. The nutrient is stored in the heart, brain and skeletal muscles. Dietary sources of carnitine include red meat, dairy products, wheat, avocado and peanut butter. Supplemental carnitine is available over the counter at most health food stores.
Types
Carnitine deficiency develops in one of two ways. Primary carnitine deficiency is caused by a genetic defect and generally presents itself by the time a child is 5 years of age, while secondary carnitine deficiency can occur at any age and is a result of the body's inability to absorb carnitine from dietary sources. According to the Muscular Dystrophy Association, primary carnitine deficiency is an inherited disorder, which means both parents carry a defective gene. The disorder may occur due to the absence of a protein responsible for transporting carnitine to the cells. Missing enzymes that contribute to carnitine production may also affect a toddler's ability to produce the amino acid.
Symptoms
Symptoms of carnitine deficiency depend on age and cause. Muscle weakness is a common pediatric symptom of carnitine deficiency due to energy production that takes place within muscle cells. Weakened muscles may affect your toddler's ability to walk, chew, swallow or play. A weak heart can cause difficulty breathing or heart failure. The deficiency may also cause hypoglycemia, confusion, fatigue, low blood sugar, weight loss, vomiting, abdominal pain and abnormal brain function.
Treatment
Treatment for carnitine deficiency in toddlers involves daily dietary supplements in liquid or capsule form. Merck Manuals recommends that children with carnitine deficiency avoid strenuous exercise, which requires energy from muscle cells. Some toddlers may also require supplementation with essential fatty acids. Only give your child carnitine supplements if your doctor has diagnosed your child with carnitine deficiency. Side effects of carnitine supplements include body odor, rash and increased appetite.
