Amino acids such as arginine, or L-arginine, are organic compounds that combine to create proteins. MayoClinic.com indicates that arginine is a semi-essential amino acid because the human body does not always manufacture an adequate supply. Dietary sources of arginine include red meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, brown rice, gelatin and nuts. Deficiencies in arginine may result when autistic children suffer digestive problems or exclude foods from their diet.
Characteristics of Autism
Although autism is a spectrum disorder that affects each child differently, most children exhibit deficits in behavior, communication and social skills. Several variables likely contribute to the cause of autism such as genetic factors, damage to the amygdala in the brain and viral triggers. Early intervention that integrates a combination of treatments controls many of the problematic symptoms associated with autism such as mood swings, tantrums, aggression and anxiety. Treatment plans individually designed for the child's specific problem areas meet with the most success, says the University of Maryland Medical Center.
Role of Arginine
The body requires arginine to remove excess ammonia from the body and to promote wound healing, and the secretion of hormones such as glucagon, insulin and growth hormone. Nitric oxide created from arginine improves blood flow by causing blood vessels to open wider. Individuals with protein malnutrition may need arginine supplements. Some of the symptoms of arginine deficiency include hair loss, skin rash and constipation. MayoClinic.com warns that supplements should not be given to children younger than 18 years of age because of the risk for side effects and inadequate research related to arginine's use with children.
Risk of Amino Acid Deficiency
Research published in August 2003 in the "Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders" reports that autistic subjects had more essential amino acid deficiencies than a control group. The experimental group's deficiencies indicated poor protein nutrition. Although the study did not address semi-essential amino acids, the researchers emphasized that more research should target the risk for protein malnutrition in autistic children.
Implications for Parents
Autistic children face a greater risk for inadequate amino acids in their diet if they have digestive problems or self-restrict food choices. If you have concerns about your child's diet, consult a pediatrician and a registered dietitian to evaluate your child for amino acid deficiencies and to design a diet that provides adequate protein. Arginine supplements produce side effects, interact with prescribed medications and are not recommended for children younger than 18.
References
- MayoClinic.com: Arginine
- "Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"; Plasma Amino Acids Profiles in Children With Autism: Potential Risk of Nutritional Deficiencies; G.L. Arnold, et al.; August 2003
- University of Michigan Health System: Arginine
- MedlinePlus: L-Arginine
- Autism Society; Summary of Biomedical Treatments for Autism; James B. Adams; April 2007
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Amino Acids
