Dehydration refers to the excessive loss of fluid from the body through sweat, vomit or diarrhea. There are two main types of fluids that you can lose through dehydration: electrolytes and water. Electrolytes are positively or electrically charged minerals such as sodium and calcium that allow other substances to become electrically conductive. They are essential to the functions of the nervous system and muscles. Symptoms of dehydration include headaches, decreased blood pressure, muscle cramps, dizziness, delirium and, in extreme cases, death. Proper hydration is always the best way to treat or prevent dehydration.
Rehydration
The amount of fluid intake that you need depends entirely upon the volume of blood plasma lost at any one time. Symptoms can become evident after a reduction in body fluids of only 1 percent of body weight. According to Blake Boggess, a doctor of osteopathic medicine at Duke University, you will likely need an extra two or three cups of water to compensate for fluid loss, especially from activities such as exercise. Electrolyte solutions and freezer pops, available at local pharmacies, are also effective at treating dehydration. Sports drinks contain both water and electrolytes, but the sugar can also cause or worsen diarrhea.
Treatments for Children
Treatment for dehydration in sick children usually involves pre-formulated oral rehydration solutions, which are available in drugstores and pharmacies. You can also make your own solution by mixing 1/2 tsp. of salt, 6 tsp. of sugar and a liter of drinking water. This solution works by replenishing both fluids and electrolytes in specific proportions. Accurate measuring is important; incorrect amounts can be less effective or even harmful. Administer fluids early during the course of the illness and continue at frequent intervals.
Time Frame
Mild symptoms should abate soon after the replacement of fluids. According to a recommendation from the National Institutes of Health, however, it's better to drink a small amount of fluid at frequent intervals rather than a large amount of fluid at one time. If the dose is too large, then it can actually cause more vomiting and worsen dehydration.
Warning
Quick rehydration from fluids is usually successful for treating mild dehydration. If you have lost at least 5 percent of your body weight from fluids, however, then you may need to be hospitalized immediately. Dangerously low blood plasma beyond this point can result in death. Chronic dehydration from a fever or medical condition is also grounds for hospitalization. Doctors will attempt to restore the loss of fluids directly into your blood through the use of an intravenous drip. Self-treatment is not a safe option.
Member Comments