Definition Of Malnutrition In Kids

It is important children eat a variety of healthful foods as they undergo many biological changes as they grow. Malnutrition occurs when there is under-consumption of food or specific nutrients. A lack of one vitamin may cause malnourishment. In addition, eating too many nutrients is also a form of malnutrition. The causes of malnutrition are many and may be the result of treatment side-affects, diseases or improper diet. Chronic malnutrition can lead to serious health problems.

Undernutrition

Undernutrition is perhaps the most well-known form of malnutrition in kids. Children who are malnourished due to undernutrition are not getting enough food with the vitamins and minerals the body needs to function. Undernutrition may mean not getting enough protein, calories or other nutrients.

Micronutrient Malnutrition

Micronutrients such as vitamins A, B and C, folate, zinc, calcium, iodine and iron are also important for the body to maintain healthy tissues and organ function. Vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children. Iron deficiency, which causes anemia, is the most common form of malnutrition.

Overnutrition

Although malnutrition is most commonly known as not getting enough nutrients, overnutrition has started to see recognition as being a form of malnutrition. It refers to a condition in which children are overweight or obese due to over-consumption of calories and nutrients. Obesity leads to a variety of health concerns including increased likelihood of chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes.

Diagnosis

Physical symptoms in children who do not consume enough nutrients may include fatigue, weight loss, distended stomachs and weakened immune systems. Mood changes in children who are both undernourished and overnourished may also produce anxiety and other psychiatric symptoms. Children who are undergoing treatment for cancer may also experience malnutrition. Overall appearance and mood can alert a doctor to signs of malnutrition.