Asperger's syndrome, also known as Asperger syndrome, is one of the developmental disorders classified as an autistic spectrum disorder. As with other autistic spectrum disorders, Asperger's syndrome results in impaired communication and social skills. While the causes aren't yet completely understood as of date of publication, researchers believe that a combination of factors, such as altered amino acid levels, brain structure and genes, may play a role.
About Asperger's Syndrome
A child with Asperger's syndrome may be socially withdrawn or have difficulty paying attention to what another person is saying. At times, he may demonstrate fixative behavior, becoming obsessed with one particular person, game, object or other type of activity. Typically, children with Asperger's syndrome are unable to show empathy or understanding of another's behavior or feelings. However, unlike other autistic spectrum disorders, children with Asperger's syndrome normally do not experience delays in language skills. Although the reasons aren't totally clear, boys are more likely to develop Asperger's than girls, according to the Mayo Clinic. Possible causes of Asperger's syndrome include genetics and changes in brain structure. Additionally, some research has shown that disturbances in amino acid metabolism may also contribute to the development of Asperger's syndrome.
Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders
Amino acids are crucial building blocks of a number of proteins and play an important role in metabolism. Some people have a genetic defect that can lead to an inability to metabolize amino acids. Phenylketonuria, also known as PKU, is an example of an amino acid disorder in which the body cannot properly break down the amino acid phenylalanine, although a number of additional amino acid metabolism disorders exist. Some research has shown that certain amino acid metabolism disorders may affect the etiology of autistic spectrum disorders like Asperger's.
Clinical Evidence
A study published in the February 2003 issue of the "Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders" measured the levels of amino acids in children with autism or Asperger's syndrome and their parents and siblings. The results showed that certain amino acids, including glutamic acid, phenylalanine, asparagine, tyrosine, alanine, and lysine, were much higher in the children with autism or Asperger's, as well as their family members, than in control study participants. The authors of the study conclude that amino acid metabolism supports the biochemical basis for the development of these conditions. More clinical research is warranted to support the findings of this study.
Considerations
Having an amino acid metabolism disorder does not mean that you or your children are autistic or will develop an autistic spectrum disorder like Asperger's. If you are concerned about the possibility of an amino acid metabolism disorder in your family, consult your physician. Genetic testing can also help identify these disorders and help with early identification of people at risk for autistic spectrum disorders, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.
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