The location where you develop inflammation in your body may help you diagnose whether you're intolerant of gluten or have an allergy to the protein. Gluten sensitivity is a general term that can be used to describe gluten intolerance, also called celiac disease or an allergic reaction to gluten. Inflammation that occurs exclusively in your intestines is most likely the result of celiac disease. All other inflammation is a sign of an allergy.
Gluten Intolerance
Celiac disease is an intolerance to gluten, which is commonly found in oats, wheat, barley and rye. Consuming these products causes an autoimmune reaction, in which the immune system attacks the intestinal lining. The damage that occurs in the digestive system causes the lining to become inflamed, leading to bloating, gas, nausea, change in bowel habits and diarrhea. The exact cause of this condition is unknown, but avoiding the consumption of gluten products can prevent inflammation and further complications.
Gluten Allergy
A gluten allergy is commonly associated with a wheat allergy, but it may be triggered by consuming any food that contains gluten. If you're allergic to gluten, your immune system will overreact when you ingest the substance. Instead of identifying the protein as a safe substance, the immune system reacts to the gluten as if it were dangerous. The body creates allergy-fighting agents, called antibodies, that attack the gluten. These antibodies communicate with certain cells that produce histamine to protect the body. Histamine is commonly created in soft tissues, increasing blood flow and causing irritation.
Allergic Inflammation
A gluten allergy can cause inflammation in your skin, respiratory system and digestive system. Increased levels of histamine in your skin cause skin irritation, redness, bumps, hives and eczema. An allergic rash can develop anywhere on your body, causing extreme itching. Inflammation in your respiratory system may result in lung inflammation and sinus inflammation, causing chest tightness, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, nasal congestion, sinus headaches and sinus pressure. Digestive inflammation will cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and upset stomach.
Facial Inflammation and Anaphylaxis
Swelling that develops in your face, throat, mouth or lips may be a sign of a severe allergic reaction to gluten. A severe allergic reaction can cause death if not treated promptly with epinephrine. Anaphylaxis is an extreme allergic reaction in which your entire body experiences the allergy, causing your body to go into a state of shock. Call 911 if you develop these symptoms after consuming gluten.
