In a stroke, one small blood clot can cause facial drooping, problems with speech, paralysis and cognitive deficits. Preparation and early intervention are important. Once the physician rules out a hemorrhagic stroke, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is an overall safe medication. Without immediate treatment with tPA, strokes can be even worse. When tPA is given for ischemic strokes in the first three hours, recovery is much more successful. Although tPA can save lives, it has side effects.
Bleeding
Excessive bleeding is the most common side effect of tPA use. Because its purpose is to break down blood clots, it also prevents new ones from forming. Therefore, it can be very difficult to stop a bleed. You must use extra caution when performing activities that may cause a puncture in the skin. Because bleeding can occur internally, always go to the emergency room if you fall and hit your head or have excessive bruising.
Allergic Reaction
Be alert for signs of an allergic reaction when tPA therapy is initiated. Look for rashes, hives, leg swelling and throat swelling. If you are having an allergic reaction to this medication, especially throat swelling, call 911 immediately. If you have a prescribed epinephrine pen, use it immediately. If throat swelling is severe, intubation may be necessary.
Dizziness
You may experience slight dizziness, headache or become lightheaded with tPA's use. Seek medical attention immediately if you have any concerns about these side effects.
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