Autism is a complex developmental disorder that can range in severity from one individual to the next. Symptoms are diverse. They typically include difficulties with social and communication skills, and repetitive behaviors that differentiate autistic individuals from their non-autistic peers. According to the Autism Speaks website, it is currently estimated that one in every 110 children is diagnosed with autism. Although the cause is unknown, current research suggests that genetics, environmental toxins, impaired detoxification, inflammation, gastrointestinal health and other biological malfunctions may play a role. Probiotics and prebiotics are sometimes used as part of an integrative treatment strategy aimed at improving the outcome of those with autism.
Probiotics
The human gut is home to healthy, protective, beneficial bacteria. Probiotics, also called friendly bacteria, are live micro-organisms similar to the ones found in your gut. They are found naturally in fermented foods such as yogurt, and they are available in supplement form. Probiotics are believed to aid in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, to support the immune system, to aid in detoxification and to keep harmful micro-organisms at bay. There are many species and strains of probiotics, but the two main groups are Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Stress, medications such as antibiotics, a poor diet and certain medical conditions can alter the gut flora, allowing more harmful bacteria and yeasts to flourish. When that happens, probiotics may be necessary to reestablish a more-favorable balance.
Prebiotics
Prebiotics, on the other hand, provide food for the probiotics. Also known as fermentable fiber, prebiotics are nondigestible nutrients that offer probiotics an energy source to encourage their proliferation in the gut. Natural sources of prebiotics include artichokes, bananas, berries, dairy, garlic, legumes and whole grains. Prebiotics are also available in supplement form, and they are often added to probiotic formulas.
Prebiotics and Probiotics in Autism
The use of probiotics and prebiotics for autism may be part of a multifaceted treatment strategy aimed at healing the gut. Some believe that the bacterial environment of autistic individuals has been altered from inflammation, absorption difficulties and certain medications, all leading to the overwhelming growth of harmful bacteria and yeasts in the gut. This micro-organism environment may produce substances that can cause or exacerbate some autistic symptoms. The use of probiotics and prebiotics at specified doses is believed to restore a healthier bacterial environment, resulting in a reduction in symptoms. Although compelling, evidence-based research is needed to support these claims.
Precautions
Due to the complexity of autism and the available treatment strategies, it is best to seek guidance from a specialized doctor and nutritionist who are recommended by local autism support groups. You can also seek practitioner guidance from organizations such as the Autism Research Institute. Dietary treatments, including probiotics and prebiotics, need to be implemented along with other protocols that are aimed at securing the best possible outcome. Many of the treatments available have produced positive results, but they are highly tailored to individual needs. A knowledgeable practitioner can help you find the right treatment for the needs of your loved one.
References
- Autism Speaks: What Is Autism?
- National Center for Complementary and Aternative Medicine; An Introduction to Probiotics; January 2007
- Mayo Clinic; What Are Prebiotics? How Are They Different from Probiotics, and What Health Benefits Do They Offer?; Katherine Zeratsky, R.D., L.D.; October 2009
- "Medical Hypothesis"; Desulfovibrio Species Are Potentially Important in Regressive Autism; S.M. Finegold; August 2011
