A rash on a child's scalp may indicate several different conditions. Dietary and lifestyle choices frequently play a role, and some children are especially prone to scalp irritation. If your child suddenly develops a severe, painful or itchy rash, consult your pediatrician. It could indicate an allergic reaction or serious underlying condition. In most cases, however, a scalp rash is a minor inconvenience.
Cradle Cap
Seborrheic dermatitis, often called cradle cap, is common among infants under 6 months, according to "Dr. Spock's Baby and Child Care." It causes dry, crusty or scaly patches on the scalp that are yellow, beige or brown in color. Some babies also experience itchiness associated with the condition. Moisturize the baby's scalp with mineral oil and wash daily with a dry-hair shampoo, gently brushing the hair after each bath. Cradle cap is not contagious and does not cause serious health problems.
Eczema
Eczema is a chronic condition common among children. It causes scaly, dry rashes that may itch or peel. Mild cases often mimic the symptoms of dry skin. The most common locations for eczema patches are the face and the back of the elbows. Eczema may spread from the face to the scalp. Most pediatricians believe the condition is similar to an allergy and is caused by extremely sensitive skin. If you think your child has eczema, talk to your pediatrician. She may recommend antihistamines, oatmeal baths and other home treatments.
Allergies
Shampoo allergies frequently cause allergic reactions on the scalp. If your child has red bumps or an itchy scalp, switch to a mild baby shampoo. Babies do not require daily hair washing, so try reducing the frequency of your shampoo use. Other allergies, including some food allergies, may cause a rash on the scalp. If your child exhibits any symptoms in addition to the rash, such as a fever, swelling, difficulty breathing or pain, contact your pediatrician.
Dry skin
Many children struggle with dry skin, especially in areas commonly exposed to the elements such as the head and hands. Shampoo your child's hair less frequently and use a moisturizing shampoo designed for children. Ensure your child drinks plenty of water and install a humidifier in her bedroom.
Lice
Head lice are parasitic mites that infest the scalp in hair. Easily spread between children, the condition is treated with a medicated shampoo. Children with head lice frequently scratch their heads, which can cause a rash-like irritation. Check your child's scalp with a magnifying glass under bright light. If you see tiny white eggs or brown bugs, she has lice. Consult your pediatrician.
References
- "The Portable Pediatrician"; William Sears, et al.; 2011
- "Caring For Your Baby and Young Child, 5th Edition"; American Academy of Pediatrics; 2009
- "Dr. Spock's Baby and Child Care, 8th Edition"; Benjamin Spock; 2004
- "Health, Safety and Nutrition for the Young Child"; Lynn R. Marotz; 2011
