Yeast infections that occur externally on an infant's skin are the result of a fungus called Candida albicans. Also referred to as candidiasis, these yeast infections can cause inflammation of the skin in or near the diaper area. A physician can accurately diagnosis the presence of candidiasis and prescribe treatment with a medicated ointments specific to the location of the rash as well as the health of the infant.
Symptoms
Skin rashes caused by a yeast infection appear as bright red lesions and cover large areas. The lesions are sometimes raised and might contain pus inside. The yeast infection most commonly occurs in the diaper area but can also occur elsewhere on the body.
Causes
The Candida albicans fungus that is responsible for the infection on the skin exists nearly everywhere. It requires moist, warm places to thrive, and an infant's diaper area provides that ideal growth environment. Infants that are taking antibiotics, are breastfeeding from mothers taking antibiotics or are not kept clean and dry are at increased risk of developing yeast-caused infections.
Diagnosis and Treatment
A physician can accurately diagnose the presence of a yeast infection upon physical examination of the affected area. Cultures of the lesions, if taken, will aid the doctor in diagnosis and help guide the selection of appropriate treatment. The treatment for candidiasis typically involves topical application of a medicated antifungal ointment as well as vigilant skin care of the affected area. Medications commonly used include nystatin, miconazole, ketoconazole and clotrimazole. Proper skin care includes frequent diaper changes, gentle cleansing and plenty of air time for the affected skin.
Prevention
The best prevention for yeast infections is to keep the skin clean and dry at all times. Allow the skin to air dry completely before completing diaper changes. When affixing the clean diaper, fasten it loosely to allow air to enter the diaper area. For the same reason, avoid using plastic or rubber pants over the top of cloth diapers. Avoid perfumed soaps, wipes and creams which can irritate the skin and make it more prone to infection.
Considerations
It is important to contact the baby's physician if the rash does not improve within three days or if it begins to worsen or spread. Any change in behavior or unexplained fever also warrants a call to the baby's doctor.
References
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh; Thrush or Candidiasis; February 2008
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh; Diapers/Diaper Rash; February 2008
- University of Maryland Medical Center; Diaper Rash -- Overview; Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA; August 2009
- University of Maryland Medical Center; Diaper Rash -- Treatment; Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA; August 2009
