Sensory processing, or integration, disorder is a condition in which a disconnection occurs between sensation and the brain's interpretation and response. This disconnection impairs the individual's ability to act appropriately based on sensory input. This disorder can be evident in motor dysfunction, inappropriate behavior and anxiety. Several types of therapy are available to retrain the sensory system and brain to compensate for the disconnection.
Occupational Therapy
Individuals with problems integrating sensory input may benefit from the administration of occupational therapy. This approach may help improve psychological and physiological responses to stimuli. This is implemented through the repetition of activities of daily living. For children, these activities generally include play, social interaction, attention and comprehension. Play activities are particularly effective for children who have impaired regulation of sensory input and behavioral response. Challenging behaviors such as an inability to manage frustration when learning a new skill can become the focal point of teaching a child to respond in a more appropriate manner. This can be accomplished using role-play of common problematic situations and determining and implementing improved emotional expression as well as behavior.
Listening Therapy
Listening therapy is often used to treat auditory processing impairment that can occur in children and adults with autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. According to Teri James Bellis, PhD, Certified Audiologist for the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, listening therapy applies techniques that help improve the way auditory information is processed. This can be accomplished through the use of listening devices to enhance concentration and comprehension, improving skills of attention, language and memory.
Combination Therapy
Combination therapy integrates both occupational and listening therapies to improve attention skills and behavioral responses. This is a more comprehensive approach that focuses on all sensory functions including auditory, tactile and visual. Building these foundations concurrently facilitates the development of cognition and emotional regulation. Because combination therapy is multi-modal, the patient generally receives treatment from a team of specialists in each modality.
Complementary Therapies
Complementary therapies, also known as alternative therapies, include many treatments used for other disorders such as chiropractic, acupuncture and massage. The predominant therapy in this approach is the "Wilbarger Protocol," also known as "Therapressure. This approach is used for individuals who have "sensory defensiveness" or hyper-response to sensory input. Using deep pressure or brushing with a specially-designed therapeutic brush, the therapist gradually increases sensory input, allowing the patient to become accustomed to greater amounts of input over time.
References
- Sensory Processing Disorders Foundation: About SPD
- Sensory Processing Disorders Foundation: Occupational Therapy
- American Speech-Language-Hearing Association; Understanding Auditory Processing Disorders in Children; Teri James Bellis, PhD, CCC-A; 2011
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Deep-Pressure Proprioceptive Protocols to Improve Sensory Processing Skills in Children; 2009
- The American Occupational Therapy Association: Autism
