Peanut allergies are one of the most common and serious food allergies in the United States. They usually develop in children, and in 80 percent of cases, last for life, according to Cleveland Clinic. If you suspect you or your child has a peanut allergy, consult your doctor as soon as possible. It's vital to avoid peanuts and any foods containing them. There is no real cure, but your doctor can prescribe medication to treat a reaction and reduce symptoms.
Tests and Diagnosis
Your doctor will usually give you a physical examination and ask you to describe your symptoms. If it's not clear peanuts are the cause, you may be advised to try an elimination diet. This involves cutting out suspect foods from your diet, and adding them in one by one to determine the culprit. A skin test or blood test can also tell if you have an allergy. A skin test involves pricking the skin to allow a tiny amount of the allergen beneath the surface. If you're allergic, a rash will develop. A blood test involves testing a sample for antibodies, your body's reaction to an allergen.
Antihistamines
If you only have a mild reaction to peanuts, your doctor may prescribe oral antihistamines. You can also buy these over the counter from drugstores. They can relieve symptoms such as itching, hives, nausea and difficulty breathing. You may need to take them for a few days after the attack until the symptoms are completely gone.
Epinephrine Shots
Peanut allergies are a leading cause of anaphylaxis, a severe reaction which requires immediate treatment with epinephrine. Symptoms include constriction of the airways, swelling of the throat, a weak pulse and even loss of consciousness. If you're at risk, your doctor will prescribe an autoinjector, such as an EpiPen, which contains epinephrine. This combines a syringe with a concealed needle. You, or somebody else, should inject it into your thigh as soon as you have a reaction. Carry it with you at all times and make sure your family and friends know how to use it. After the shot, you should go immediately to the emergency room. Always replace it before the expiration date, and ask your doctor for a backup one in case you lose it.
Asthma Medication
Almost half of people with food allergies also have asthma, according to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. Contact with peanuts can trigger a potentially life-threatening asthma attack, tightening and swelling your airways and restricting your breathing. Your doctor may prescribe asthma medication to take in case of an attack. You can take these through an inhaler or in oral or liquid form. Carry them with you at all times.
Other Advice
Your doctor may advise you to wear a medical ID bracelet, so emergency care workers are aware of your condition and can give potentially life-saving treatment. This includes your name, allergy, an emergency contact and details of medicines you're taking. Of course, the only way to prevent a reaction is to completely avoid any foods containing peanut products. Be aware that peanut oil is used in some cosmetics as well as for cooking. Check all labels carefully and ask detailed questions about food preparation when you're eating out.
