Electrolytes help the body maintain fluid balance within the cells, around the cells and in the blood. Fluid balance keeps the body functioning normally, controlling muscle action and blood acid levels, according to Medline Plus. The major minerals that are involved in this process are sodium, potassium and chloride. Electrolyte imbalances can occur when an individual is dehydrated or taking certain drugs or if he suffers from a heart, kidney or liver disorder.
The Process
Electrolyte levels are regulated by the body's water levels, and water intake should balance water loss. When the body is consistently hydrated, it keeps water and electrolyte levels constant in the bloodstream. If sodium levels become too high, the body responds with thirst, which generally leads to fluid intake. At the same time, the brain secretes a hormone to tell the kidneys to stop secreting urine. This causes an increase in water levels in the bloodstream. Conversely, when sodium levels are too low, the kidneys respond by secreting more urine, decreasing the water level in the bloodstream and again restoring balance.
Electrolyte Loss
The body loses electrolytes when it depletes water too rapidly, either by sweating, vomiting or diarrhea. An electrolyte imbalance can cause physical symptoms including weakness, numbness, twitching, cramps, muscle spasms, blood pressure changes and fatigue.
Restoring Balance
The loss of electrolytes can be serious, according to MayoClinic.com. When an individual begins to show the signs and symptoms of an imbalance, it's critical to replace the lost fluids immediately. Water does not contain electrolytes, so in cases of severe dehydration, juices or liquids infused with electrolytes might be necessary to restore balance. Many athletes regularly drink electrolyte-fortified sports drinks during games and competitions to ensure that electrolyte levels remained balanced.
Considerations
While many electrolyte imbalances are temporary and easily remedied, some have more serious causes. Individuals experiencing electrolyte imbalance symptoms should consult a doctor if the symptoms persist. Kidney disease, pH imbalances or certain medications could be the underlying cause. Additionally, pregnant women who experience severe vomiting and individuals suffering from bulimia are at risk for electrolyte imbalance.
