Muscle cramps are often associated with vigorous activities, such as running or cycling, but even a mild activity like walking can lead to cramping, particularly if you are not used to exercising. Taking preventive measures can get rid of leg cramps in many cases, but if the cramps don't go away, consult a doctor to rule out an underlying medical disorder.
Features
A leg cramp, often referred to as a charley horse, is caused by a strong, involuntary contraction of your muscle that does not subside. Mild cramps last for only a second or two, but more severe cramps can be painful, lasting several minutes or more. You can get a cramp anywhere in your body there is a muscle, but they occur the most in the calf muscle and upper leg. Anyone can get a cramp, but they are common among endurance athletes and older people who participate in rigorous physical activity, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.
Causes
Experts are unclear what exactly triggers a muscle cramp in the leg, but certain conditions are known to increase the chances they will occur. Muscle fatigue, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances or deficiencies, exercising in a hot environment and not stretching and warming up your body before activity can all contribute to leg cramps. Certain prescription medications, particularly cholesterol medications known as statins, can result in muscle cramps in the leg as a side effect. In rare cases, cramping while walking can indicate an underlying medical problem.
Prevention
To get your muscles loose and flexible, walk for a bit then gently stretch your legs. Stretch your legs after you have finished walking as well. Drink ample amounts of water to stay hydrated, particularly if you are walking long distances or walking in hot weather. Electrolytes are minerals that conduct electricity and help in sustaining proper muscle contraction, and you need them in your diet, particularly potassium. Good sources of potassium include bananas, oranges and potatoes. Taking a multivitamin can also help. Talk to your doctor if you are taking any prescription medication to ensure leg cramps aren't a side effect. If you take preventive measures and the leg cramps continue to occur, consult a doctor to rule out an underlying medical disorder.
Treatment
As soon as you start to feel your muscle cramp while walking, stop and stretch the affected muscle. Keeping your muscle stretched, massage it until the cramp goes away. Drink water or a sports drink with electrolytes, if available. If the cramps don't go away or keep occurring after you have finished walking, try soaking in a hot tub or applying a heating pad if your muscles are tight. If your leg muscles are tender or sore, apply an ice pack. Seek medical attention if your cramps persist despite taking self-care measures.
