More than 29 million Americans suffer from sinusitis, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, resulting in about 12.5 million visits to hospitals and doctors' offices. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology says allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever, affects between 10 percent and 30 percent of adults and as many as 40 percent of children. Preventing and treating sinus problems may reduce symptoms and can get you back to school or work.
Physiology
According to the Michigan Sinus Center at the University of Michigan, no one is quite certain why humans have sinuses, but some medical experts think sinuses cushion the brain during impact. Sinuses are located in the bones surrounding your nose and eyes. Your sinuses produce mucus, which drains into your nose.
Sinus Problems
Several medical conditions may cause problems in your sinuses. Inflammation of the mucus membranes in your nose, a condition known as sinusitis, prevents mucus from flowing properly. This backlog of mucus increases sinus pressure, causing pain and congestion. Recurrent sinus infections cause long-term symptoms, such as headache and fever. Some chronic or acute sinus infections are the result of allergies. Complex sinus problems, such as fungal sinusitis, mucoceles mucopyoceles, osteomyelitis or cerebrospinal fluid leaks, are serious conditions that must be treated by a physician.
Prevention
Prevention and treatment largely depend on the cause. Prevent sinusitis related to allergies by avoiding the allergen, such as pollen or mold. Wash your hands frequently to reduce your risk for viral infection that leads to nasal congestion. Use a humidifier while you are asymptomatic to prevent inflammation of mucosal membranes.
Treatment
There are various treatments for sinus problems, depending on what caused the trouble. Doctors will treat sinus problems stemming from infection with antibiotics. Treat the hay fever symptoms of watery eyes and runny nose with antihistamines. Your doctor can recommend nasal sprays to provide relief from symptoms. Decongestants work well to reduce congestion in your sinus cavities. Speak with your doctor if you are taking other medications for your sinusitis before taking over-the-counter medication.
Drink plenty of fluids to thin mucosal secretions and blow your nose frequently to reduce the buildup of mucus in your sinus cavities. Pour hot water into a shallow bowl and drape a towel over your head to create a steam bath. Inhale the steam through your nose. Another option, if approved by your doctor, is to fill a neti pot with a weak, warm saline solution and gently pour this solution through the nasal cavity to reduce sinus congestion.
