Lactose is a type of sugar that is found in milk and other dairy products. Some people experience painful symptoms after consuming dairy due to lactose intolerance. Although it is most common in older adults, lactose intolerance can also occur during childhood. If you suspect that your child has lactose intolerance, discuss treatment with your doctor before you restrict your child's diet.
Identification
Lactose intolerance occurs when the body does not produce enough lactase. Lactase is an enzyme found in the small intestine. When lactose enters the body, lactase breaks it down into the simple sugars glucose and galactose, which are more easily absorbed into the bloodstream. Without enough lactase, lactose moves into the intestines and is converted into gases and acids. This causes unpleasant gastrointestinal symptoms.
Causes
Around age 2, lactase production decreases and continues to decrease during childhood. According to Dr. Richard Grand of Children's Hospital Boston, lactase levels decrease most between the ages of 5 and 7. If levels drop off too much, your child will be more likely to develop lactose intolerance. Research continues to explore the exact reasons that some childrens' levels drop more than others'. Genetics do play a role in its development. It is most common in Asian, African, Native American and Hispanic populations, and least common in people of northern European descent.
Symptoms
Symptoms of lactose intolerance usually occur between 30 minutes and two hours after consuming dairy. The most common symptoms are bloating, gas, stomach cramps, diarrhea and nausea. Breastfeeding babies and toddlers might also experience symptoms after they nurse since breastmilk also contains lactose. As noted by BabyCenter.com, specific tolerance levels vary from child to child; some may be able to consume moderate amounts of dairy without experiencing symptoms, while others might become sick after only a small glass of milk.
Diagnosis and Treatment
To determine whether or not your child is lactose intolerant, your pediatrician will perform a lactose breath hydrogen test. High levels of hydrogen and methane indicate lactose intolerance. Your doctor will probably recommend making dietary changes to decrease the amount of lactose in your child's diet. Only children with severe cases should avoid dairy products entirely since they contain calcium, vitamin D and protein, which are especially important during childhood. Lactose-free milk, yogurt and cheese contain less lactose than cow's milk but provide the same nutrients.
