An Achilles Tear During Running

Involving the largest and strongest tendon in the body, a fundamental part of bipedal motion, Achilles tendon tears are painful and often immobilizing. Runners are at risk of an Achilles tear or rupture. Characterized by a "pop" or snapping sound as well as pain, an Achilles tendon tear can take several weeks or longer to heal. Surgery may be needed depending on the injury's severity. Consult a physician if you suspect an Achilles injury.

Achilles and Movement

Your calf muscles connect to your foot via the Achilles tendon. The Achilles connects to the heel, allowing the muscles in the calf to contract and lift the heel. This movement powers your walk and run, and allows you to jump or stand on your toes. Your Achilles is influenced by the strength and flexibility of your two calf muscles -- the gastrocnemius and soleus. Tight muscles limit the tendon's flexibility, inhibiting movement. If your tendon isn't able to fully stretch during walking or running, it is more vulnerable to injury.

Running and the Achilles

Runners are prone to Achilles tears due to the repetitive nature of their sport. Constant stretching and contraction can wear down fibers in the tendon, which can eventually tear. Overtraining is often the culprit; not providing adequate rest and completing high-mileage or high-intensity workouts can stress the tendon. During sprints, the tendon withstands up to 12 times your body weight, putting it under tremendous pressure. In addition, tendons lack an abundant blood supply. If strained or torn, recovery takes longer than a muscle injury.

Achilles Tendon Tears

Ruptures are partial or full tears of the Achilles tendon. These injuries can occur suddenly, or be the culmination of years of constant wear. A worn tendon can rupture during a fast, forceful movement, such as a sudden jump or sprint. Performing hill sprints may cause you to overstretch the tendon, especially if your calf muscles don't have the muscular endurance for the activity. A rupture can feel like stabbing sensation in the back of your calf or ankle. The area may swell and feel hot or tight, possibly hindering movement.

Treatment Options

Treating your Achilles tendon rupture depends on its severity and your overall state of health. Until you see your doctor, rest your injury and apply ice packs or cold compresses to reduce swelling. You can wrap the foot in a bandage and use crutches if necessary to rest the tendon. A minor tear can sideline you for several weeks, and your doctor may recommend reducing running mileage or trying a different exercise. Previous Achilles injuries can also complicate your injury. Surgery may be necessary in some cases, stitching the tendon together. Recovery from surgery typically takes at least six to eight weeks.