Running injuries are classified as either acute or repetitive. Acute injuries occur during a one-time event, such as a fall. Repetitive injuries occur over time when a motion is repeated. According to Kinetesis Sports Injury and Performance Clinic, repetitive injuries are the most common among runners. A lateral meniscus tear is an example of a repetitive injury that can occur in long-distance runners.
About the Lateral Meniscus
The knee is the largest joint in the human body and the most used. The knee joint includes the bottom of the femur and top of the tibia. Where these two bones join is the lateral and medial meniscus. The lateral meniscus is located on the outer side of the knee, and the medial meniscus is on the inside of the knee. The meniscus is a smooth cartilage that absorbs shock from the knee during weight-bearing activities such as running. Lateral meniscus tears can occur from long-distance running where the repetitive pounding on the knee can cause a tear.
Signs and Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of a lateral meniscus tear can vary depending on the degree of injury. A person with a significant tear may hear a popping sound from the knee at the time of injury, feel a tearing sensation in the knee, or experience pain and swelling. With a small tear, the person may not experience any immediate signs and symptoms. However, over time the person can have pain, swelling and limited mobility of the knee.
Diagnosis
During the first exam, the doctor will ask questions about how the injury occurred and about signs and symptoms. The doctor will also perform a physical exam. Tests such as an X-ray, ultrasound or MRI will either rule out or confirm a torn meniscus. In rare cases, an arthroscopic procedure is preformed. During the procedure, a small incision is made in the knee where an arthroscope is inserted into the knee. The arthroscope has a small camera that projects an internal image of the knee so doctors can diagnose the injury.
Treatment and Prevention
Treatment begins with rest, ice and over-the-counter pain medications. Physical therapy may also be prescribed to strengthen the muscles surrounding the knee so that the knee is better stabilized. Surgery is the last option and is done using an arthroscope to trim off the torn cartilage. Recovery from surgery is quick, and patients go home the same day. However, full recovery may take months.
