Gluten is a protein found in a number of common grains, including wheat, barley and rye. For those with gluten sensitivity, exposure to this protein can cause a number of health problems, from anemia to neurological complications. Gluten sensitivity is also referred to as gluten-sensitive enteropathy. If you have a close relative with gluten-sensitive enteropathy, your own chances of having the disorder range between 10 and 20 percent according to "American Family Physician."
Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy
Gluten-sensitive enteropathy is also known as celiac disease. It was first identified as a disorder in the late 19th century, but it wasn't until the mid-20th century that doctors identified wheat consumption as the major trigger that brought out its symptoms. Gluten-sensitive enteropathy causes the small, finger-like projections in your small intestine, called villi, to flatten, making nutrient absorption less efficient. Gluten-sensitive enteropathy is due to an autoimmune response that occurs when you consume gluten. In gluten-sensitive individuals, the consumption of gluten prompts your immune system to attack the inner lining of your intestines, causing inflammation and damage.
Neuropathy
Your nervous system is the communications infrastructure of your body. It allows your brain to detect what is going on in your other organs and tissues and to send instructions to these areas to correct any imbalances. Neuropathy is nerve damage. It can affect your sensory nerves, your motor nerves and your autonomic nerves that control involuntary actions such as heart rate. A study published in the "Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry" in 2006 concluded that a considerable number of cases of nerve damage whose cause is unknown might actually be caused by gluten sensitivity.
Neurological Symptoms
Ataxia, peripheral neuropathy and, less commonly, myopathy have been linked to gluten sensitivity, according to the "Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry." Ataxia affects balance and coordination and may result in difficulty walking or slurred speech. Peripheral neuropathy can cause muscle weakness, pain and numb or tingling appendages. Myopathy can also cause muscle weakness, along with cramps, spasms and stiffness.
Treatment
Consult your doctor if you are experiencing neurological symptoms. If your symptoms are due to gluten sensitivity, refraining from all sources of gluten may eliminate them. A registered dietitian can offer advice to help you adapt to a gluten-free lifestyle.
References
- "American Family Physician"; Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy (Celiac Disease): More Common Than You Think; David A. Nelson; December 2002
- "Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry"; Gluten Sensitivity as a Neurological Illness; M. Hadjivassiliou, et al.; May 2002
- National Ataxia Foundation: Diagnosis of Ataxia
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: Peripheral Neuropathy Fact Sheet
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: NINDS Myopathy Information Page
