The nettles represent more than 40 species of plants in the Urtica genus, most of which feature the characteristic stinging hairs along their leaves. The best known member of this group is Urtica dioica, or stinging nettle. Traditionally, nettle is used in herbal medicine to treat inflammation associated with seasonal allergies, rheumatism and arthritis. Since the plant contains high levels of iron and vitamin C, it is also reputed to enhance immune function. These attributes are why herbalists often recommend nettles therapy to address enlarged or infected adenoids. Get medical approval before using nettle, however, because this herb produces side effects in certain people and interacts with several medications.
Adenoid Function
Your adenoids are located behind the roof of your mouth and are the first line of defense against airborne bacteria. According to the American Academy of Otolaryngology, the most common complaints involving the adenoids are recurring infections and swelling, which can obstruct airways and make swallowing difficult. Addressing infection and inflammation are the primary goals of keeping the adenoids healthy. Chronic infections may indicate an underlying autoimmune disorder and lead to complications such as sleep apnea and hearing loss, so see your doctor if symptoms persist.
Chemical Composition of Nettle
Stinging nettle root contains various polysaccharides that stimulate the immune system. The root also contains several steroid compounds with pharmacological effects, including beta-sitosterol, campersterol and stigmasterol. The stinging hairs of nettle leaves contain volatile oils, flavonoids, histamine, serotonin and formic acid.
Effects on Lymph System
Adenoids are components of the lymphatic system and are similar in function and structure to lymph gland tissue. As such, they play an important role in immune function. Mary Bove, author of "An Encyclopedia of Natural Healing for Children," says that nettle stimulates the lymph system, which may help to counter inflammation and infection.
Anti-Inflammatory Properties
Several compounds in nettle provide anti-inflammatory benefits. One of the plant's main phenolic compounds, caffeic malic acid, blocks the activity of 5-lipoxygenase, an enzyme that triggers the synthesis of immune system inflammatory chemicals. A study published in "Phytotherapy Research" in July 2009 reports that nettle inhibits several inflammatory processes at the same time, such as blocking the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2, interacting with histamine receptor sites and preventing the release of the protease tryptase from mast cells.
Anti-Viral Effects
Nettle root contains a specific lectin known as Urtica dioica agglutinin, or UDA, which prevents viral replication of the influenza A virus in cultured cell samples. According to a study published in "Antiviral Research" in April 2011, UDA also checks different strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome, more commonly known as SARS. These and other contagious pathogens commonly infect the adenoids.
Safety Precautions
The University of Maryland Medical Center says that nettle may increase the effects of blood-thinning medications, anti-inflammatory medicines, diabetes drugs and diuretics. Because nettle may promote hormonal effects, do not use this herb without medical supervision if you are pregnant or have a history of a hormone-related disorder, such as enlarged prostate or breast cancer. Nettle is generally well-tolerated, but some people experience a rash or mild stomach upset.
References
- American Academy of Otolaryngology: Tonsils and Adenoids
- "Physicians' Desk Reference for Herbal Medicines"; Thomas Brendler, et al.; 2007
- "An Encyclopedia of Natural Healing for Children"; Mary Bove; 2001
- "Phytotherapy Research"; Nettle Extract (Urtica dioica) Affects Key Receptors and Enzymes Associated with Allergic Rhinitis; B. Roschek, Jr.; et al.; July 2009
- "Antiviral Research"; Inhibition of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replication in a Lethal SARS-CoV BALB/c Mouse Model by Stinging Nettle Lectin, Urtica dioica Agglutinin; Y. Kumaki, et al.; April 2011
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Stinging Nettle
