L-glutamine is one of the 20 amino acids needed by the body for protein synthesis. It is the most abundant amino acid, making up about 50 percent of all amino acids found in the blood. According to health advisers on the Life Extension website, glutamine is referred to as a "conditionally" essential amino acid because although the body is usually able to produce adequate amounts, certain conditions such as prolonged exercise, burns, infections and surgery can deplete necessary levels in the body.
Glutamine and the Small Intestine
Glutamine is an essential element in maintaining the health of the small intestine, which is located in the abdomen, measuring about 20 feet in length. Insufficient levels affect the villi, which line the walls and whose main function is to absorb vitamins and nutrients after food is broken down in the stomach. Glutamine helps the cells in the intestines to absorb water and prevents the body from becoming dehydrated. Dehydration is one of the main causes of constipation, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. Therefore, ensuring adequate glutamine levels may help prevent symptoms and additional problems in those who suffer from this condition.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Glutamine also serves to protect the lining of the GI tract known as the mucosa and is suggested for use by people who suffer from inflammatory bowel disease, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Irritable bowel syndrome and problems with intestinal function are additional causes of constipation. Those suffering from these conditions may benefit from glutamine supplementation.
Glutamine Benefits
L-glutamine also may play a role in improving athletic performance, maintaining muscle mass, increasing growth hormone and in boosting the body's immune system. Glutamine fuels white blood cells, which are essential to support immune system function. Those who suffer from trauma, surgery, viral infections and chemotherapy often have depleted levels of glutamine. For this reason, patients who suffer from these conditions may benefit from additional amounts. Endurance athletes also suffer from depleted levels and may benefit from added glutamine.
Dietary Sources
You can increase levels present in the body by including a wide variety of glutamine-rich foods into your diet. Dietary sources of glutamine include animal proteins such as beef, pork, poultry, milk, yogurt, ricotta and cottage cheese. Raw spinach, parsley, cabbage and beets are additional plant-based sources.
Side Effects
Although glutamine is generally considered safe, there may be possible interactions with medications such as doxorubicin, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil in patients suffering from colon cancer. It also may stimulate the growth of tumors in those with cancer. Less serious side effects may include nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, gas, runny nose, dry mouth, swelling in hands or feet, mild rash, headache, dizziness and increased sweating. Always consult with your health care provider before making any changes to your current diet.
References
- Newfield Nutrition: Glutamine and the Digestive System; Judy Shabert
- Drugs.com: Glutamine
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Glutamine
- Life Extension; All About Supplements: Glutamine; January 2006
- National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse; Digsetive Diseases A to Z of Topics and Titles: Constipation; July 2007
