Each stroke has its nuances. Whether you are swimming competitively or for fun, you have to do it correctly if you want your swim to be efficient and enjoyable. No matter what stroke you choose, four aspects are shared by all swim strokes.
Body Position
The body position of a swimmer is essential no matter what stroke is being used. Improve your body position in the water and you will improve the speed and efficiency that you move through the water. According to Michael Collins of Alexandria Masters Swimming, you need to maintain a horizontal alignment between your head and your hip when swimming the freestyle. Never lift your head higher than your hips while breathing.
Arm Stroke
The arm stroke keeps your direction on track and can be used to provide an extra surge late in the race. The key to an effective arm stroke is ensuring that you pull as much water as possible with each stroke. The angle that your arm enters the water will help you "catch" the most water.
Kick
As you move through the water, you must have a consistent and powerful kick. Whether you are swimming the freestyle, breast stroke, butterfly or back stroke, you need to be as relaxed as possible in the water to develop efficiency. Tensing up your muscles to kick harder may be your first instinct, but that will tire you out quickly and slow you down. A strong kick will also help you balance in the water, which is another factor that will help you swim with a relaxed stroke.
Breathing and Timing
This is the final element common to all strokes. Breathing regularly will keep a proper level of oxygen in your system and will allow your muscles to continue to function smoothly even though you are growing more fatigued with each stroke. Breathing efficiency and timing comes with practice and will help you to stay relaxed throughout your swim.
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