Constipation is a condition characterized by infrequent or less frequent than normal bowel movements, or stools that are difficult to pass because they are very dry or hard, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Many children experience bouts of constipation, and typically the constipation will resolve itself before medical intervention is necessary.
Causes
Your child's constipation can be caused by a variety of reasons. If she holds in a bowel movement, she may become constipated over time. Some children ignore their urges to make bowel movements because they are too busy playing, or they are afraid of using a toilet in place other than their home, according to the Mayo Clinic. In addition, your child may become constipated if she is not eating enough fiber. Some medications can cause constipation, such as certain kinds of antacids. Diabetes or other chronic conditions such as Hirschsprung disease, Down's syndrome or anatomical abnormalities of the digestive system can also make your child more prone to constipation.
Treatment
Changing your child's diet to include more high-fiber foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables and whole grains can alleviate the constipation in the long term. For more immediate relief, consult your pediatrician to determine if your child should take an over-the-counter remedy such as a fiber-based supplement or a glycerin suppository. Always seek medical advice before you give your child a laxative or enema, because some medications meant to relieve constipation can be dangerous for children.
Prevention
The best treatment for constipation is to prevent it. Make sure that your child eats a balanced diet containing high-fiber foods. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children eat the number of their age plus 5 g of fiber. For example, a 3-year-old should eat 8 g of fiber because 3 plus 5 equals eight. Drinking plenty of water can also prevent constipation and dry stools. Encourage your child to use the bathroom when she needs to go. Ask your child to spend some time in the bathroom after she eats to allow her body time to pass a stool.
When to Consult Your Pediatrician
Contact your pediatrician if the constipation lasts more than two weeks and a change in diet or if the over-the-counter treatment suggested by the pediatrician does not work. In addition, if your child develops a fever, vomiting, blood in the stool, weight loss, cracks in or around the anus or unexplained weight loss, contact the pediatrician right away. These may be a sign of a more serious medical condition.
