Your thyroid gland, located at the base of your neck in front of your esophagus, is responsible for the regulation of metabolism and body temperature. If your thyroid gland is healthy, you generally don't have to watch your diet. However, if you have a condition known as hypothyroidism, you may need to restrict certain foods, including cruciferous vegetables such as Brussels sprouts and broccoli. Check with your physician about your diet if you have a thyroid problem.
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism occurs when your thyroid gland has an impaired production of thyroid hormones. This condition can be the result of medication, illness or surgical or radiological destruction of the thyroid gland. Hypothyroidism that occurs due to illness or medication generally affects your body gradually, with symptoms such as fatigue, inability to maintain body temperature and weight gain. Typically, if you are diagnosed with hypothyroidism, you will have to take a synthetic thyroid hormone replacement medication for the rest of your life.
Goitrogenic Foods and Thyroid
Goitrogens are naturally occurring substances found in foods like cruciferous vegetables. While these substances may have no effect on healthy individuals, they can cause serious problems in people with preexisting thyroid problems. In addition, the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University explains that in very high amounts, goitrogenic vegetables like broccoli have been found to cause hypothyroidism in otherwise healthy people. However, these instances are rare and would require that your eat significant amounts of goitrogenic vegetables every day.
Can You Eat Broccoli With Thyroid Disease?
Because broccoli can cause symptoms of hypothyroidism in individuals who have the disorder, it's a good idea to ask your doctor if eating this vegetable is advisable. In addition, goitrogens aren't just found in cruciferous vegetables, a 1990 article published in the "Annual Review of Nutrition" explains that some water systems have bacteria in them that are goitrogenic. However, the A.P. John Institute for Cancer Research recommends that individuals undergoing treatment for thyroid cancer consume cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli. If you're unsure about consuming a specific food or beverage, check with your doctor or dietician.
Considerations
Nutrition is important for everyone, particularly if you have hypothyroidism, which can lead to nutritional deficiencies. The University of Maryland Medical Center recommends that if you have hypothyroidism, you emphasize nutrient-dense foods like fresh fruits and vegetables. These foods also tend to be high in antioxidants, which can help maintain your immune system. Avoid or limit your consumption of soy products, which can interfere with the effectiveness of thyroid medications. Caffeinated foods and beverages also can alter the effectiveness of thyroid replacement medications.
