CPAP or continuous positive airway pressure is a device which keeps the upper airway open during sleep in patients with sleep apnea. Air is delivered via a mask which fits over the nose, mouth or both nose and mouth and is connected to tubing attached to a CPAP device. Air is pushed from the CPAP generator through the tubing and mask. Air then passes through the nose and throat, maintaining light pressure on the upper airway and keeping it open. CPAP treats symptoms of sleep apnea including snoring, choking or gasping during sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, morning headaches, memory loss, irritability and mood swings. The American Sleep Association reports that when used effectively and correctly, CPAP will alleviate symptoms of sleep apnea. Although CPAP has a first-line treatment reputation in the medical community, people experience side effects with use.
Common Side Effects
According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, common side effects of CPAP include: irritation of the skin, face, nose and throat, congestion, sore eyes, headaches, dry mouth and claustrophobia. Some patients (up to 30 percent) develop skin irritations over the bridge of their nose due to poor mask fit. Mask fit can be difficult to predict, however sleep professionals should ensure proper mask fit during initial treatment of the CPAP device and for continuing follow-up. Cushioned masks or specialty masks such as nasal pillows may alleviate nasal irritation and claustrophobia.
Severe Side Effects
In rare cases, severe side effects such as arrhythmias, air pockets in the skull and severe nose bleeds may transpire. Do not hesitate to call 911 in case of medical emergency. Consult with a physician if you are unsure or think you may be suffering from the aforementioned side effects.
Additional Considerations
Proper patient education can prevent many common side effects of CPAP treatment. Contact a sleep professional with educational questions related to your CPAP, especially in regard to mask fit. Consider asking your sleep professional about CPAP devices with an integrated heated humidifier if you are suffering from dry nose or mouth. Perhaps the most tricky side effect of CPAP treatment is compliance. As a patient, explore your options. Consult a sleep professional to make using a CPAP more comfortable if you are not satisfied with your current set-up.
