Cardiac patients are frequently given a variety of dietary restrictions in order to promote proper heart function and limit heart-related health problems such as high cholesterol or high blood pressure that can lead to stroke or heart attack. Guidelines typically call for a balanced diet with careful calorie control and reduced intake of sodium and unhealthy fats.
Restricting Sodium
Dietary sodium can cause increased fluid retention and increased blood pressure, which can, in turn, place extra stress on the heart. Cardiac patients are typically advised to control sodium intake to less than 1500 mg per day. One excellent way to do this is to consume mainly fresh foods that do not contain added salt. Reading food labels for sodium content is another important way to avoiding high-salt foods.
Restricting Fats
Saturated and trans fats are associated with higher levels of unhealthy cholesterol. These fats can lead to artery blockage and poor heart function and should be strictly controlled in a cardiac patient's diet. Foods that are cooked or baked with solid fats such as butter, margarine and shortening should be avoided, as should processed meats, fast foods, and packaged snacks, such as chips, that contain high amounts of trans fats.
Meal Suggestions
In general, heart healthy meals should contain as many fresh ingredients as possible. Lean meats such as chicken, turkey, and fish without added sodium are excellent sources of low-fat protein. Fresh fruits and vegetables are also naturally low in fat and salt content and can be used to create healthy salads and side dishes. Whole grain breads, pastas, and cereals that are free of any added salt are also excellent sources of complex carbohydrates and fiber. Avoid prepared foods that may have added salt or unhealthy fats and use fresh herbs, citrus juices or hot sauces for seasoning in place of butter, table salt or heavy condiments.
Expert Insights
While some patients may need time to get accustomed to a heart-healthy diet, following these basic guidelines will result in marked improvements in both blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Daily exercise of at least 30 minutes a day is also a critical part of encouraging proper heart function and maintaining a healthy body weight. Heart patients should develop an comprehensive fitness plan in consultation with a doctor or nutritionist.
