Glycolic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid made from sugar cane, commonly used in anti-aging and acne products to improve the appearance of skin. The concentration of glycolic acid in such products can range from extremely mild to very strong. Glycolic acid can cause irritating side effects, the severity of which depends largely on the strength or depth of the chemical peel for which the acid is used. Chemical peels have been used safely for more than a half century and generally are not considered dangerous, the American Academy of Dermatology reports.
Effects
Chemical peels can clear away damage to the outer and middle layers of the skin, the American Academy of Dermatology's AgingSkinNet website explains. When used properly, glycolic chemical peels can help soften the appearance of skin and give it a smoother, more youthful look. Glycolic acid also treat acne by helping to remove dead skin cells and helping to reduce inflammation.
Considerations
Two- to 10-percent acid concentrations are typically found in over-the-counter glycolic acid preparations, while prescription-strength creams typically deliver concentrations of 12 percent or higher. Deep glycolic peels performed by a doctor can have concentrations as strong as 30 to 70 percent, the University of Maryland Medical Center notes. Chemical peel solutions as high as 60 percent are available online without a prescription but are not recommended, except under a doctor's supervision.
Burns, itching, pain and scarring are possible side effects of OTC, prescription-strength and professional glycolic peels. Skin may darken following a glycolic peel, but it's normally a temporary condition.
Precautions
Ignoring your doctor's instructions following a glycolic acid peel can pose the greatest risk of side effects. Glycolic acid, even at very low concentrations, makes the skin more sensitive to sun damage. Sun sensitivity may continue for up to one week after you stop using products that contain glycolic acid. Avoid the sun or apply sunscreen generously before going outdoors when using products that contain glycolic acid. Scratching newly treated skin and using makeup before the skin has a chance to heal can cause infection and scarring.
Outlook
The effects of a glycolic peel are usually noticeable one day after a mild peel, while it can take two weeks or longer to see the full benefits of a deeper peel. A series of three to five glycolic-peel treatments is usually needed to achieve desired results. Stop using products that contain glycolic acid if you experience any adverse reactions. Contact your dermatologist if you have any concerns about glycolic acid.
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