Radiation therapy performed near the head or neck can have wide-ranging effects throughout the body. Even though radiation therapy focuses specifically on a certain area of the body, the effects on that part of the body influence other areas. Because the head and neck contain vital parts of the central nervous system, the senses can also be affected.
Dental Problems
Radiation treatments performed near the mouth can harm teeth and gums. Teeth are more prone to cavities after radiation and in some cases, the enamel is weakened and can crack. People who wear dentures may have problems with swelling of the gums or lesions in the mouth. Sugary foods should be eliminated from the diet to help protect the teeth from cavities.
Hearing
Earaches and hearing loss are also possible side effects of radiation that's performed on the head and neck. When the radiation is performed in close proximity to the ear itself, complete hearing loss may occur. Cochlear implants and hearing aids are available if this situation occurs.
Digestive Problems
Because of the effect on the teeth and gums, digestion may also be affected. Sensitive teeth and swollen gums affect how a person chews her food. This can put stress on the digestive system and can cause discomfort or decreased absorption of nutrients.
Sensory Sensation
Because the head and neck house the brain and spinal cord, side effects from radiation to the central nervous system are possible. Headaches ranging from mildly annoying to migraines may occur. There's also a possibility of numbness to certain areas of the body, depending on what areas of the spine are exposed to the radiation.
