Pneumonia is a respiratory condition caused by virus, bacteria or fungi. It affects millions of people each year in the United States and children are especially susceptible to the condition. Symptoms of pneumonia include fever, cough with yellow or green mucus, chills, loss of appetite, vomiting, fussiness, fatigue and difficulty breathing. If you suspect your infant may have pneumonia, seek immediate medical attention.
Bacteria
Bacterial pneumonia is more common in adults, while infants and children are more susceptible to viral pneumonia, according to the MedlinePlus. However, your infant can also get bacterial pneumonia and, unfortunately, this type of pneumonia is usually the most serious kind. Several bacteria can cause pneumonia, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, group B streptococcus, which is most common in newborns, and group A streptococcus, which is most common in children under the age of 5.
Susceptibility
Infants and children are more susceptible to pneumonia due to their immature immune systems and decreased ability to fight off illnesses. When your baby is born she has not yet encountered pathogens and thus, when exposed to bacteria, may get sick, unlike adults who have encountered the pathogen before and developed antibodies against it. Infants have some antibodies transferred from the mother via the placenta, but these will disappear usually between the age of 6 months and 1 year, according to the University of Auckland. Breastfeeding, though, provides some antibodies to your infant, which can help protect against illnesses.
Risk Factors
Your infant may be at increased risk of developing pneumonia if she suffers from some chronic illnesses or other health conditions. MedlinePlus reports that lung disease, exposure to cigarette smoke, swallowing difficulties, cerebral palsy, immune system disorders, recent surgery and recent exposure to illnesses such as cold and flu can make your infant more susceptible to pneumonia.
Treatment
Bacterial pneumonia, unlike viral pneumonia, can be treated with antibiotics. Other treatments that can help relieve the symptoms of pneumonia and fasten recovery include chest pounding to remove mucus, increased fluid intake, humidifier use, pain and fever-reducing medication such as acetaminophen, and cough syrup. Never give your infant over-the-counter medication without consulting your doctor. In severe cases, your infant may be treated in the hospital with intravenous antibiotics and fluid, oxygen therapy and suctioning your infant's nose and mouth to assist breathing and removal of mucus. Although there is a pneumococcal vaccine available, it only protects against seven of the 91 known strains of S. pneumoniae.
