1. There Are Different Types of Muscular Dystrophy
Muscular dystrophy is a group of genetic, hereditary diseases that are progressive in nature. These diseases generally involve more than your muscles; in fact, they may affect your cardiovascular, nervous, gastrointestinal and endocrine systems. Muscular dystrophies often involve muscle weakness, abnormal muscle proteins and muscle tissue death. In later stages of the disease, fat and connective tissue may replace the muscle fibers. While there is currently no cure for muscular dystrophy, treatment to prevent or reduce deformity of joints and the spine can be implemented.
2. Physical Therapy Can Reduce the Likelihood of Contractures
As muscular dystrophy disease progresses and muscles weaken, contractures may occur. A contracture is a permanent shortening of muscle and, potentially, pain. These contractures can be painful, reduce flexibility and limit joint mobility. As a result, movement can become difficult. A physical therapist can utilize manual therapy and stretching techniques to help maintain range of motion and flexibility in the affected joints and muscles. Hydrotherapy, or hot water baths, is sometimes employed for similar purposes, as well.
3. Staying Independent With Occupational Therapy
Occupational therapists help patients with a range of diagnoses improve their ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs). Common ADLs include eating, bathing, grooming and household chores. Muscular dystrophies can reduce an individual's mobility and strength; an occupational therapist can focus on both adapting ADL execution through strategic planning or adaptive equipment. An occupational therapist might also help adapt a muscular dystrophy sufferer's home to create a more accessible environment based on their personal needs. Additionally, these therapists can address the psychological needs related to muscular dystrophy, and, if necessary, the cognitive deficits.
4. Medications Can Manage Muscle Symptoms
A physician may recommend medications to reduce muscle spasms and muscle weakness. Anti-inflammatory may also be employed to control reduce pain and, in certain muscular dystrophies, delay the progression of the disease. The primary purpose is to maintain the muscular dystrophy sufferer's ability to walk and be as active as possible. Experts agree that inactivity and bed rest will worsen the severity of the disease.
5. Severe Contractures May Be Released Surgically
In severe cases of muscular dystrophy, contractures can develop to the extent that they contracted joint position is extremely painful. A surgeon may need to release a tendon surgically and then brace the limb in a normal resting position during healing to promote proper positioning of the joint. Common surgical release sites include tendons of the hips, knees and Achilles (heel). In addition to surgical procedures to release contractures, a physician may also perform a surgery to correct an abnormal curvature of the spine.
