Leg cramps can be just a minor annoyance, but some can be severe enough that they hamper your workout. In many cases, the cramps are the result of something relatively simple, such as dehydration or fatigue; however, certain prescription medications or an underlying medical disorder could be the cause. Talk to your health care provider if your leg cramps persist in spite of taking preventive measures.
Features
The calf muscle and the thigh muscle, both front and back, are the muscles most frequently afflicted with cramps, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Cramps are the result of the muscle forcefully contracting and not relaxing. Mild cramps only last a few seconds and are typically more annoying than painful. Severe leg cramps can be quite painful and may last for several minutes. Sometimes, the cramp is so forceful that it forms a knot or lump in the muscle. Leg cramps are often referred to as a charley horse, particularly if they happen in the thigh.
Causes
What causes leg cramps is not clear, but certain conditions increase the chances that they will occur. Dehydration is a common condition that can lead to cramps, as well as muscle fatigue. Electrolytes, such as potassium and sodium, are minerals or salts that conduct electricity and are vital to proper muscle function; if you don't have enough in your diet or they are out of balance due to dehydration, leg cramps can result. Lack of a proper warmup and stretching routine can lead to cramps. Certain prescription medications can cause electrolyte deficiencies and lead to cramps, particularly in the calf muscle. In rare cases, an underlying medical condition is the culprit.
Treatment
Most cramps are not severe and can be treated by stretching the affected muscle. Massaging the muscle while it is stretched can also help. If you have been sweating a lot during your workout, drink water or a sports drink enhanced with electrolytes to help you hydrate. If your muscles are still tight or are cramping after your workout, apply heat. Leg muscles that are sore or tender should be treated with cold. Taking ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help ease the pain in some cases.
Prevention
Prevent cramps from occurring by staying hydrated before, during and after your workout. Ensure that you are getting enough electrolytes in your diet by consuming nutrient-dense foods, including plenty of fresh vegetables and fruits. Taking a multivitamin can also help. Warm up your body before your workout, and perform a cooldown afterward, gradually decreasing the intensity of your workout as it ends. Gently stretch your legs before and after exercise, and avoid working out sore or fatigued muscles. Gradually increase the intensity of your workout if you are a beginner, avoiding overexertion. Talk to your doctor about any medications you are taking.
