Contact dermatitis is a type of rash commonly associated with rings. This type of rash is an allergic reaction and is due to an immune response to contaminants in jewelry. Many rings contain some amount of nickel, which is commonly associated with an allergic reaction. The rash appears a few days following exposure to the ring and can be itchy. People with contact dermatitis from jewelery should avoid wearing any kind of nickel-containing jewelery to prevent a recurrence of this condition.
Cause of Nickel Allergy
Nickel allergy produces a reaction known as contact dermatitis. Though this is a hypersensitivity reaction, it does not cause the kind of immediate response as seen with hives, asthma or other allergic conditions. Like all allergic reactions, however, contact dermatitis is due to an abnormal immune response to a harmless foreign substance. Immune cells, known as T cells, react to foreign particles in jewelry; they then recruit macrophages, other cells of the immune system, to attack the foreign substance. According to MayoClinic.com, the substance most likely to cause contact dermatitis from jewelry is nickel.
Symptoms of Nickel Allergy
Nickel allergies often develop after repeated or prolonged wearing of a ring containing nickel. The rash appears slowly, about one to two days following exposure, and can last for weeks. The rash appears at the site of exposure. Common symptoms are itching, rash or bumps on the skin and redness. The skin may appear dry or blisters may form over the site, which can drain fluid. Symptoms may be worsened by sweating.
Treatment
A diagnosis of contact dermatitis can be made by a doctor through a careful history and examination. Tests are rarely needed, but a patch test can be done to confirm the diagnosis when it is not clear. The most important form of treatment is to avoid wearing the rings in question. The rash usually subsides spontaneously in two to four weeks. Antihistamines, commonly used to treat other allergies, are not helpful in treating contact dermatitis. The best treatment are local steroid creams. Agents such as hydrocortisone can decrease the inflammatory reaction and provide relief of symptoms.
Prevention
Recurrences of the rash can be prevented by avoiding nickel-containing jewelry. People who have had allergic reactions following exposure to rings should buy jewelry marketed as "hypoallergenic," which usually has a lower nickel content. Cobalt and white gold both contain nickel and should be avoided, MayoClinic.com recommends. Jewelry made from 18-karat yellow gold, 14-karat gold, sterling silver, copper and platinum are typically safe.
References
- "Lippincott's Primary Care Dermatology"; Peter C. Schalock; 2010
- MayoClinic.com; Nickel Allergy; Oct. 2, 2010
