What Ointments Are Used For Muscle Aches?

Athletes suffering from muscles injuries should use the RICE method -- a combination of rest, ice, compression and exercise -- at home, advises the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. While this is the best course of treatment for minor injuries, topical ointments have long been used to quell muscle aches. The varying active ingredients in these creams and rubs bring relief to some when RICE is not enough.

Methyl Salicylate and Menthol

The pairing of methyl salicylate and menthol is found in the leading over-the-counter ointments. According to "The Illustrated Guide to Home Chemistry Experiments," methyl salicylate is derived from aspirin and acts as the active pain reliever. Menthol is made from mint oils and causes a tingling or cooling sensation upon contact with the skin. The combination reduces swelling and pain, while providing a cooling sensation to the affected area.

Menthol Only

Menthol derived from peppermint oil is reported to have pain-relieving properties. Organic Facts, a natural remedies website, states that calcium antagonism in the oil relieves pain. The oil reacts with the surrounding air, creating the telltale cooling sensation that accompanies menthol use.

Trolamine Salicylate

Trolamine salicylate, similar to methyl salicylate, is created from aspirin. The ointment works in much the same way, providing pain relief and alleviating inflammation when absorbed by the skin. Unlike methyl salicylate, it is sold as a standalone cream and never partnered with menthol.

Capsaicin

While aspirin and peppermint oil are the basis of many creams, chili peppers are the source of capsaicin. According to Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, capsaicin comes from the cayenne pepper. It is believed to reduce the levels of pain transmitters in the body, preventing the brain from receiving messages of pain.