Infrequent or difficult bowel movements, also known as constipation, is a common problem. Many times, constipation is relieved by eating fiber-rich foods, drinking enough fluids or exercise. However, if relief does not occur from these methods, you may need medication. Over-the-counter laxatives are available to treat constipation, but follow the product directions. Improper use, such as taking laxatives frequently or for long periods of time, can be dangerous.
Constipation Symptoms
Most of the time, constipation is not serious. Symptoms include having fewer than three bowel movements a week, hard stools, straining, feelings of blockage or incomplete passage or the need for manual removal. Mayo Clinic defines constipation as having two or more of these symptoms for three of the past six months. In addition, certain conditions, such as pregnancy, can increase the risk of constipation.
Types of Laxatives
Many types of over-the-counter laxatives are available. Saline laxatives and stool softeners draw fluid into the stool so that it is softer and easier to pass. Glycerine suppositories lubricate the anus, which helps to pass hard stools. Stimulant laxatives cause the intestines to contract and push the stool through, and bulk-forming laxatives or fiber supplements create large, soft stools that pass more easily through the colon.
Long-Term Use Risks
In most cases, laxatives should not be taken for more than one week unless your doctor recommends otherwise. One exception is fiber supplements. Although fiber-rich foods are the first choice, bulk-forming laxatives are considered safe for daily use when taken with plenty of water and under the guidance of your health-care practitioner. Stimulant laxatives are generally the least safe because long-term use can weaken intestinal muscles, reducing the ability of the colon to remove feces on its own. Other risks of long-term laxative use include decreased vitamin and mineral absorption and the masking of a serious health condition.
Precautions
Although laxatives are an easily obtained over-the-counter medication, they should not be abused. Always follow the directions for use and be mindful of drug interactions. If nausea, bleeding or abdominal pain are present or the constipation does not resolve itself, call your doctor. If you are pregnant, consult with your doctor before taking laxatives to relieve constipation.
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