Allergies are an equal opportunity medical condition. Millions of people from all age groups and backgrounds suffer from some form of allergy. Inflammation of sensitive tissues is a common allergic response and leads to a variety of uncomfortable symptoms. In most cases, the symptoms of an allergic response are minor and can be alleviated with over-the-counter medications or home remedies.
Allergies Defined
People suffer allergies when their immune systems react to substances that are not normally dangerous. Known as allergens, these substances include pollen, dust, animal dander, latex, medicines and certain foods. According to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, a child has a 75 percent chance of developing allergies if both parents have allergies. Also, food allergies affect 8 percent of children 5 years old and younger. Many childhood allergies fade as children grow into maturity.
Allergic Responses
Allergic individuals often experiences the symptoms of sneezing, runny nose and congestion as immediate responses to allergens. The nose is the immune system's first line of defense against airborne pathogens. Harmless materials such as dust and pollen trigger a nasal and respiratory response in allergic persons. Itchy, inflamed skin, coughing and swelling also are possible symptoms of an allergy. The exact symptomatic response depends on both the individual and the type of allergen. In the most severe cases, a condition known as anaphylaxis may develop, in which the sufferer has difficulty breathing and may lose consciousness. Allergic response to insect stings is one cause of this severe reaction. For example, surveys from several developed nations, including the U.S., indicate that .4 to 4 percent of the population suffers anaphylactic reactions to bee stings, according to the World Allergy Organization.
Inflammation
Inflammation is the result of the body’s immune system desperately fighting off an invader or healing an injury. Blood flow to the affected area increases, and white blood cells move into the neighboring tissue. Skin near the area becomes red and feels warm to the touch. People with allergies often experience inflammation as one of their allergic responses. An insect bite may trigger localized inflammation, while a serious reaction to a new medicine can result in widespread inflammation.
Allergy Treatment
Effective allergy treatment begins with reducing a person’s exposure to known allergens. This includes using synthetic bedding materials, cleaning and dusting at least once a week, and using HEPA-approved filters in both the vacuum cleaner and central heat and air unit. Total avoidance will not always be possible, however, and medication may still be needed to help manage symptoms. Pharmaceutical companies have developed a wide variety of both prescription and over-the-counter drugs for reducing allergies. The most sensitive persons also may require regular allergy shots to keep their symptoms in check. Those at risk for anaphylaxis should keep an epinephrine shot with them at all times.
Inflammation Treatment
Anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin or ibuprofen effectively address much of the discomfort and swelling associated with inflammation. Likewise, most allergy medications work to counteract the inflammation resulting from an immune response. Doctors may prescribe steroidal drugs in more extreme cases of inflammation, such as a full-body poison ivy rash. Cold or heat applied to inflamed joints also may provide temporary relief.
