An overwhelming array of evidence points to the benefits children receive from sports. Sports raise self-esteem, reduce obesity, maintain health and encourage critical thinking, according to pediatrician Dr. William Sears. In some cases, however, sports may alter a child's growth. Stunted growth is typically the result of inappropriate training and nutrition rather than the sport itself, and in some cases sports may help children develop healthy muscles and bones.
Onset of Puberty
On average, female athletes enter puberty later than other children, according to Sears. Menstruation is frequently delayed in these children, and girls who have already started their periods may experience interruption in menstruation. Gymnasts and dancers are especially susceptible to delayed menstrual periods. When the delay is caused by thin bodies or excess dieting, this may stunt a child's growth. However, if a child is eating normally and is simply very active, delayed menstruation is not necessarily cause for concern.
Stunted Growth
Sports in themselves do not cause stunted growth, according to pediatric nutritionist Lyn Marotz. Instead, cutting calories, excessive training and other unhealthy habits may stunt children's growth. This is especially true for children who are heavily involved in a sport during early adolescence. Parents should carefully monitor their children for signs of eating disorders and excessive calorie cutting. These behaviors are particularly common in wrestlers, gymnasts and dancers.
Bone Development
In early childhood, cartilage is replaced with bone. Osteocytes, the cells that form bones, continue developing rapidly well into adolescence. These cells frequently alter their development based on the pressures placed on the body, according to "Biology: Life on Earth With Physiology." For example, a dancer might develop particularly strong ankles. In most cases, sports improve bone development and overall health, which encourages healthy growth. When children suffer from frequent injuries or do not receive adequate nutrition, however, they may develop weak and brittle bones. Parents of athletes should encourage them to drink milk or take a multivitamin containing calcium.
Strength and Growth
In "The Frailty Myth," Colette Dowling points out that early sports participation may increase a child's strength in adulthood. Early practice with sports helps children learn how to correctly use their bodies. When this occurs, they are better equipped to develop muscles and reduce fat.
References
- "The Portable Pediatrician"; William Sears, M.D., et al.; 2011
- "Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology"; Gerald Audesirk, et al.; 2008
- "Health, Safety and Nutrition for the Young Child"; Lynn R. Marotz; 2011
- "The Frailty Myth"; Colette Dowling; 2001
