Acetylcholine is a biochemical with a wide range of effects on the human body. One of its most important functions is the regulation of heart rate. While vital for proper heart function, acetylcholine can cause serious health problems when it accumulates in the body. Learning about the substances that can affect acetylcholine levels allows you to take safety measures to prevent serious complications.
Identification
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter involved in many involuntary physical functions. It is formed from the B vitamin choline, which is naturally abundant in foods like whey, meat and eggs. Acetylcholine acts as a messenger between nerve cells and various parts of the nervous system. One of its most crucial functions is regulating the contraction of certain types of muscle, including skeletal and cardiac muscle.
Cardiovascular Effects
Acetylcholine is essential for maintaining a healthy resting heart rate. In normal amounts, it helps coordinate heart muscle contractions to maintain your heart’s natural speed and rhythm. It also regulates electrical signals between the top and bottom of the heart. In excess, acetylcholine can overstimulate the nerves, triggering irregular heartbeat and other life-threatening complications.
Toxicity
Substances that cause acetylcholine to accumulate in the body can cause serious complications, including death. Organophosphates, a group of chemicals commonly used as pesticides, cause poisoning by inhibiting the enzyme that removes acetylcholine from the body. Organophosphates can enter the body via numerous routes and may cause cumulative effects with repeated exposures. The Illinois Department of Public Health lists muscle twitching, chest tightness, vomiting and confusion as symptoms of mild organophosphate poisoning. Other substances that may alter acetycholine levels include antihistamines, Alzheimer's medications and the nerve agent sarin.
Recommendations
Avoiding excessively high or low acetylcholine levels is essential for proper heart function. Fortunately, it’s relatively easy to keep this neurotransmitter in balance. Eating plenty of choline-rich foods like egg yolks, meat and dairy helps ensure optimal acetylcholine production. Avoiding unnecessary exposure to toxins like organophosphates is vital for preventing acetylcholine poisoning. If you must handle these substances, wear safety gear such as gloves and a face mask to protect yourself. If you develop symptoms of acetylcholine toxicity after taking medications like diphenhydramine or aripiprazole, seek medical attention immediately.
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